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技术性贸易壁垒(Technical Bartier to Trade) 简称TBT,是指进口国采取技术法规标准,合格评定程序,商品包装机器及标志,环境要求及动植物产品检验检疫措施及药物残量等,对其它国家的产品进入该国市场形成贸易限制措施。1973年美国FDA(美国食品和药物管理局)首先将“危害分析及关键点控制”(HACCP)应用于食品加工中。FDA1995年颁布的《加工和进口水产品安全卫生程序》中规定:凡进入美国的水产品,其生产加工企业都必须实施HACCP体系,并在美国官方机构注册。1997年又在所有食品行业中引入了HACCP 管理体系,禁止进口未实施HACCP的水产和肉类食品,要求所有对美国出口的水产品、肉类食品企业必须取得HACCP的认证资格。从水产品开头后, 相继将HACCP原则应用到所有的食品、饲料、果
Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) refers to the import country to adopt technical regulations and standards, conformity assessment procedures, packaging machinery and signs, environmental requirements and inspection and quarantine measures for animal and plant products and drug residues, etc., to other countries Products enter the country market to form trade restrictions. In 1973 the United States FDA (the U.S. Food and Drug Administration) first applied “Hazard Analysis and Critical Control” (HACCP) to food processing. FDA published in 1995, “Processed and Imported Aquatic Products Safety and Health Procedures” provides: Where the access to the United States aquatic products, the production and processing enterprises must implement the HACCP system, and registered in the United States official agencies. In 1997, the HACCP management system was introduced in all food industries to prohibit the import of HACCP-exempt aquatic products and meat products. All aquatic products and meat products enterprises that exported to the United States were required to obtain HACCP certification. From the beginning of the aquatic product, the HACCP principle has been applied to all food, feed and fruit