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生态脆弱矿区地表径流保护煤柱的留设直接影响流域生态环境演变。以陕北神南矿区为研究背景,通过野外地质调查、取样测试,查明了沙漠浅滩矿区流域生态承载特征,在导水裂隙带发育规律研究的基础上,剖析了传统保安煤柱留设的局限性,从地下水动力学角度,提出了基于采动分水岭的保水煤柱留设方法。结果表明:沙漠浅滩地表径流承载了干旱缺水矿区绝大多数生态、生活、生产用水,而沙漠浅滩地表径流91.33%的流量源自砂层潜水补给,研究区地表流域附近首采煤层导高预计发育为40.4~69.2 m,采动造成采空区上方砂层潜水位消失,而基于分水岭的煤柱留设方法避免了地表径流向采空区反向渗流。实践计算证明研究区内常家沟保水煤柱62 m,大于传统保安煤柱34.8 m。
The establishment of the pillar of surface runoff protection in ecologically fragile mining areas has a direct impact on the evolution of ecological environment in the basin. Taking the Shennan mining area in northern Shaanxi as the research background, through the field geological survey and sampling test, the ecological carrying characteristics of the desert shoal mining area have been ascertained. Based on the study of the development rules of the water-conducted fractured zone, the limitations of the traditional security pillar From the perspective of groundwater dynamics, a method of retaining water-retaining coal pillar based on mining watershed is proposed. The results show that the surface runoff of the desert shoal carries most of the ecological, living and production water in the arid and water-deficient mining area, while 91.33% of the surface runoff in the desert shoal comes from sand supply. In the study area, The predicted development ranged from 40.4 m to 69.2 m. Mining caused the disappearance of sand submersion above the mined-out area, while the separation of coal pillar based on watersheds avoided the reverse seepage of surface runoff to goaf. The practice calculation shows that the water column in Changjiagou of the study area is 62 m, which is 34.8 m larger than that of the traditional security pillars.