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目的评价葡萄糖调节受损患者的膳食质量,为膳食干预提供理论依据。方法从常规健康体检中选取符合空腹血糖受损(IFG)和/或糖耐量减低(IGT)的患者63例(统称为葡萄糖调节受损IGR),其中男性29例,女性34例,根据体质指数(BMI)分为正常体型组38例(BMI 21.0±1.11),超重体型组25例(BMI 26.6±0.95)。采用食物频率问卷法和膳食史法相结合,分析患者的膳食能量、三大产热营养素摄入量及来源比例。结果正常体型组能量、碳水化合物摄入量与标准供给量相比差异无统计学意义(P﹤0.05),但其摄入量均超过标准供给量10%以上;蛋白质摄入量低于标准供给量10%,差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.05);脂肪摄入量超过标准供给量10%,差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。在营养素来源分配比例中,谷类食物、动物性蛋白质、动物性脂肪和植物性脂肪摄入量均超过标准供给量,差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.05);非谷类食物和植物性蛋白质摄入量低于标准供给量,差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。超重体型组能量、碳水化合物和脂肪摄入量均超过标准供给量,差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。在营养素来源分配比例中,谷类食物、动物性脂肪和植物性脂肪摄入量均超过标准供给量,差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.05);非谷类食物和植物性蛋白摄入量均低于标准供给量10%;动物性蛋白摄入量超过标准供给量10%。两组的胆固醇摄入量均高于300 mg/d,膳食纤维摄入量明显低于推荐剂量20～35 g/d。结论糖调节受损患者膳食结构不合理,需要科学合理的营养干预。
Objective To evaluate the dietary quality of patients with impaired glucose regulation and provide a theoretical basis for dietary intervention. Methods Sixty-three patients with impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and / or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) were selected from routine physical examinations (collectively referred to as impaired glucose regulation), including 29 males and 34 females. According to body mass index (BMI) were divided into normal body group 38 cases (BMI 21.0 ± 1.11), overweight body group 25 cases (BMI 26.6 ± 0.95). Food frequency questionnaire method and the combination of dietary history, analysis of the patient’s dietary energy, the three major heat-generating nutrients intake and source ratio. Results There were no significant differences in energy intake and carbohydrate intake between the normal body type and the standard supply (P <0.05), but their intake exceeded the standard supply by more than 10%. The protein intake was lower than the standard supply The difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). The fat intake exceeded 10% of the standard supply, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). In the proportions of nutrient sources distribution, the intake of cereal, animal protein, animal fat and vegetable fat exceeded the standard supply, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05); non-cereal and plant protein intake The amount was lower than the standard supply, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). Overweight body type of energy, carbohydrate and fat intake exceeded the standard supply, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). In the proportion of nutrient sources distribution, the intake of cereal, animal fat and vegetable fat exceeded the standard supply, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05); non-cereal and plant protein intake were lower than Standard supply of 10%; animal protein intake exceeds the standard supply of 10%. Cholesterol intake of both groups were higher than 300 mg / d, dietary fiber intake was significantly lower than the recommended dose of 20 ~ 35 g / d. Conclusion The dietary structure of patients with impaired glucose regulation is irrational and requires scientific and reasonable nutrition intervention.