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为明确转Bt水稻对稻田土壤生物群落的生态风险性,于2012—2013连续2年大田试验调查研究了杀虫剂与转Bt水稻双因子对土壤线虫群落的影响。2年共监测到土壤线虫29个属,其中潜根线虫属Hirschmanniella、托布利线虫属Tobrilus、矛线线虫属Dorylaimus和丝尾垫刃线虫属Filenchus为优势属,相对多度分别为27.12%~37.92%、18.33%~24.19%、10.94%~14.87%和4.59%~15.76%;植物寄生类线虫和捕食-杂食类线虫为优势营养类群,相对多度分别为35.38%~47.62%和39.23%~48.52%;食细菌类线虫和食真菌类线虫的相对多度较低,分别为11.09%~15.20%和0.57%~1.69%。稻田土壤线虫数量、各个营养类群数量、组成以及群落生态指数随季节变化明显;在施用或不施用杀虫剂下转Bt水稻与非转Bt水稻间的土壤线虫数量及群落多样性指数无显著影响;但与不施用杀虫剂的稻田相比,施用杀虫剂的转Bt水稻或非转Bt水稻的土壤线虫数量均显著减少。研究表明,转Bt基因水稻对土壤线虫群落的影响较小,而杀虫剂影响较大。
In order to clarify the ecological risk of Bt rice on soil microbial community in paddy field, the effects of two factors of insecticide and transgenic Bt rice on soil nematode community were investigated in two consecutive years in 2012-2013. A total of 29 genera of soil nematodes were detected in 2 years. Among them, Hirschmanniella, Tobrilus, Dorylaimus and Filenchus belonged to Filenchus, with relative abundance of 27.12% 37.92%, 18.33% -24.19%, 10.94% -14.87% and 4.59% -15.76% respectively. The phytoparasitic nematodes and predatory omnivore nematodes were dominant nutrition groups with the relative abundance of 35.38% -47.62% and 39.23% 48.52%. The relative abundance of bacterial and fungal nematodes was relatively low, ranging from 11.09% to 15.20% and 0.57% to 1.69%, respectively. The number of soil nematodes, the number of each nutrition group, composition and ecological index of the community changed significantly with the seasons. There was no significant difference in the number of soil nematodes and the index of community diversity between Bt rice and non-Bt rice with and without pesticides ; However, the number of soil nematodes in transgenic Bt rice and non-transgenic Bt rice with insecticides were significantly reduced compared with those in non-Bt rice paddies. Studies have shown that transgenic Bt rice has less effect on soil nematode community, but insecticide has a greater impact.