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鱼类的人工增殖放流未达到预期效果,原因之一是人工放流的鱼在放流后死亡率很高。鱼类在放流前的野化训练可能对提高其成活率有积极作用。本文分析了国内外增殖鱼类放流后成活率低的原因,指出摄食-反捕食能力是影响鱼类放流后成活率的关键要素之一;探讨了影响摄食-反捕食能力的重要因素,包括认知食物和捕食者信息、社会学习经验、环境的复杂程度和鱼类的游泳能力等;展望了鱼类野化训练技术的发展方向。
Artificial multiplication of fish does not achieve the desired effect, as one of the reasons is the high mortality rate of fish released from the artificial discharge. Wild fish training prior to releasing fish may have a positive effect on increasing its survival rate. This paper analyzes the reasons for the low survival rate of domestic and international propagated fish and points out that feeding-anti-predation ability is one of the key factors that affect the survival rate of fish after releasing fish. The important factors that affect feeding-anti-predation ability are discussed, including recognition Food and predator information, social learning experience, the complexity of the environment and the swimming ability of fish. The development direction of fish wild training technology is also forecasted.