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植物雄性不育是作物杂种优势利用的主要途径,具有重要的生产利用价值。雄性不育包括细胞核雄性不育和核质互作雄性不育,生产中以核质互作雄性不育为主。雄性不育系选育应重视提高发芽出土能力、柱头的外露率和生命力以及自身的产量能力;降低自交结实率,减少败育率。文中对作物雄性不育类型、优良不育系应具备的条件、不育系选育应重视的问题以及选育利用等方面进行评述,供杂优育种者参考。
Plant male sterility is the main way for crop heterosis utilization, which has important value of production and utilization. Male sterility including male sterile and nuclear male sterile cytoplasm, the production of nuclear-cytoplasmic male sterility. Breeding male sterile lines should pay attention to increasing germination unearthed, stigma of the exposed and vitality and capacity of their own output; reduce the rate of selfing seed set to reduce the rate of abortion. The article reviews the types of crop male sterility, conditions that should be possessed by excellent CMS, questions that should be paid attention to in breeding CMS, breeding and utilization, etc. for references of heterosis breeders.