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目的:探讨基层医院的医院感染发生率、感染部位及病原体类型,为指导临床抗菌药物的合理使用和预防医院感染提供科学依据。方法:对2010年1月-2011年12月10425例住院患者的医院感染进行回顾性分析。结果:发生医院感染512例,感染发生率4.91%;医院感染发病率最高的科室为肿瘤科,占8.44%,其次为小儿科,占6.87%。感染部位以下呼吸道感染为首,占40.18%,其次为上呼吸道感染,占20.18%。共检出病原菌206株,阳性率为36.79%。其中革兰阴性菌132株,占64.08%,革兰阳性菌53株,占25.73%,真菌21株,占10.19%。结论:加强合理使用抗菌药物、严格执行无菌技术、减少侵入性操作、提高手卫生的依从性,是降低医院感染的有效措施。
Objective: To investigate the incidence of nosocomial infection, the location of infection and the types of pathogens in grass-roots hospitals and provide scientific basis for guiding the rational use of clinical antimicrobial agents and preventing nosocomial infections. Methods: A retrospective analysis of nosocomial infections in 10,425 inpatients from January 2010 to December 2011 was conducted. Results: There were 512 cases of nosocomial infection and the incidence of infection was 4.91%. The department with the highest incidence of nosocomial infection was oncology, accounting for 8.44%, followed by pediatric, accounting for 6.87%. The following respiratory tract infections were the most common, accounting for 40.18%, followed by upper respiratory tract infection, accounting for 20.18%. A total of 206 pathogenic bacteria were detected, the positive rate was 36.79%. Among them, 132 Gram-negative bacteria, accounting for 64.08%, 53 Gram-positive bacteria, accounting for 25.73%, 21 fungi, accounting for 10.19%. Conclusion: To strengthen the rational use of antimicrobial agents, strictly enforce aseptic techniques, reduce invasive procedures and improve hand hygiene compliance are effective measures to reduce nosocomial infections.