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【摘要】根据高考作文评分标准和专家的建议，结合高三英语作文教学的现状和笔者的教学实践，提出并实践了“三字六步法”作文教学法来进行高三作文的复习训练，强调学生自己积极主动地构建英语写作能力，提升自己遣词造句和语篇组织的能力，为今后的持续性学习和终身发展打下良好的基础。
【关键词】高三英语 作文教学 三字六步法
到了高三很多学生普遍存在三方面问题，一是词汇匮乏，用词不当，搭配不当；二是句型误用，语法不通，汉语式英语现象普遍；三是段落、篇章结构松散、紊乱，言之无物，主题不明；语篇布局及衔接能力差，信息不全。根据高三学生时间紧、基础弱的情况下提高效率，因此，在具体的高三作文复习训练的教学过程中进行“三字六步法”的作文训练法。
一、三字六步法方法介绍
三字指的是：抓、扩、连。
六步指的是：抓思路、抓要点、扩词成句、扩单句为复句、连句成段、连段成篇
抓：抓思路——题中抓思路，确定文体，人称，时态，主题和分段等谋篇布局。
抓要点——题中抓要点，联想该要点的合成词、同义词、近义词、反义词、短语表达法。
扩：扩词成句——选用要点的高级复杂灵活的表达法按句子基本结构扩成简单句。
扩单句为复句——通过并法、加法、变法把简单句扩成并列句、复合句、倒装句等。
并法就是使用并列连词将简单句扩成并列句；
加法就是加入表示原因、目的、结果、让步等状语从句以及定语短语从句；
变法就是变成强调句、倒装句、被动句、感叹句、名词性从句、非谓语结构等。
连 连句成段，然后连段成篇。
二、三字六步法方法应用
下面将以一篇作文为范例进行“三字六步法”的实践运用：要求你（李华）给笔友Henry写一封回信，说明你高考结束后的暑假安排，并简述理由。要点如下：休息；读书；陪伴父母；参加社会活动。
注意：
1.词数100左右，信的开头和结尾已为你写好（不计入总词数）
2.可根据内容要点适当增加细节，使行文连贯；
3.参考词汇：
高考-college entrance examination
社会活动- social activities
书信的首尾已经给出：
Dear Henry，
I’m glad to receive your letter.It’s a pleasure for me to write to you about my plan for the coming summer vacation after the college entrance examination.
Best wishes！
Yours，
Li Hua
1.抓思路。
本篇作文是什么文体（体裁）——书信
人称是什么——第一人称
时态是什么——一般现在时或一般将来时
主题是什么——My summer plan after the college entrance examination
分几段完成——三段 （opening，body and closing）
第一段写什么——主题 （topic）
第二段写什么——要点 （points）
第三段写什么——祝福 （conclusion and wishes）
2.抓要点。
本篇作文要点：计划；休息；读书；陪伴父母；参加社会活动。
计划——plan to / intend to / be willing to / want to / would like to do
休息——have a rest / relax oneself / get relaxed/ get some relaxation/ free oneself from hard work
读书——read some books / do some reading
陪伴父母——keep my parents company / stay with my parents / spend time with my parents
参加社会活动——take part in / join in / participate in social activities
3.扩。
（1）扩词成句——把要点按句子基本结构扩简单句句子。同时选用相关的合成词、同义词、近
义词、反义词、短语。
1）我计划要休息。I intend to get relaxed.
2）我打算要读书。I would like to read some books.
3）我想要陪伴父母。I plan to keep my parents company.
4）我打算参加社会活动。I want to participate in social activities.
（2）擴单句为复句。通过使用并法、加法、变法扩单句为复句，同时完成题目要求阐述理由。
1）原因状语从句 I want to have a rest because I have worked so hard for so many years.
定语从句：The reason why I want to have a rest is that I have worked so hard for many years. 强调句：It is because I have worked so hard for so many years that I want to have a rest.
倒装句：So hard have I worked for many years that I want to have a rest.
伴随状语：I want to have a rest，playing computer games，watching TV，travelling and so on.
2）定语从句：I would like to read some books that I really feel interested in/ that I couldn’t spare time to read before.
目的状语：I would like to do some reading in order to enlarge/increase/enrich my knowledge and broaden my horizons.
一句多译：I would enjoy myself by reading some books in order to enlarge my knowledge and broaden my horizons.
3）伴随状语：I plan to keep my parents company，chatting with them and helping them with some housework as I love them deeply.
一句多译：My parents have done so much for me so I intend to spend some time helping them with some housework such as washing，cleaning or cooking.
4）目的状语从句：I want to participate in social activities so that I can get more experience and learn more about the outside world.
一句多译：I’m also willing to participate in some social activities so that I can improve my understanding of the outside world.
4.连。
运用连接词、过渡语连句成段、连段成篇。
Dear Henry，
I’m glad to receive your letter.It’s a pleasure for me to write to you about my plan for the coming summer vacation after the college entrance examination.
First of all，I want to get relaxed as I have worked so hard for so many years.At the same time，I would enjoy myself by reading some books in order to enlarge my knowledge and broaden my horizons.In addition，my parents have done so much for me so I intend to spend some time helping them with some housework such as washing，cleaning or cooking.If I have the chance，I’m also willing to participate in some social activities so that I can improve my understanding of the outside world.
Best wishes！
Yours，
Li Hua
三、结束语
实践证明：在英语教学中，运用“三字六步法”进行高三英语作文教学，是一种行之有效的作文教学方式，通过这种方式让学生对写作胸有成竹，且拿到一篇作文題后能迅速的展开思绪，且有条有理，不会一谈到写作文便感到发愁，甚至感到厌恶。
参考文献：
[1]中华人民共和国教育部制定.英语课程标准（实验稿）.2003.
[2]中学英语语篇教学初探.张铁城著[M].北京教育出版社.
[3]余演林.“头脑风暴”在高中英语作文教学中的应用[J].中小学外语教学，2005.
【关键词】高三英语 作文教学 三字六步法
到了高三很多学生普遍存在三方面问题，一是词汇匮乏，用词不当，搭配不当；二是句型误用，语法不通，汉语式英语现象普遍；三是段落、篇章结构松散、紊乱，言之无物，主题不明；语篇布局及衔接能力差，信息不全。根据高三学生时间紧、基础弱的情况下提高效率，因此，在具体的高三作文复习训练的教学过程中进行“三字六步法”的作文训练法。
一、三字六步法方法介绍
三字指的是：抓、扩、连。
六步指的是：抓思路、抓要点、扩词成句、扩单句为复句、连句成段、连段成篇
抓：抓思路——题中抓思路，确定文体，人称，时态，主题和分段等谋篇布局。
抓要点——题中抓要点，联想该要点的合成词、同义词、近义词、反义词、短语表达法。
扩：扩词成句——选用要点的高级复杂灵活的表达法按句子基本结构扩成简单句。
扩单句为复句——通过并法、加法、变法把简单句扩成并列句、复合句、倒装句等。
并法就是使用并列连词将简单句扩成并列句；
加法就是加入表示原因、目的、结果、让步等状语从句以及定语短语从句；
变法就是变成强调句、倒装句、被动句、感叹句、名词性从句、非谓语结构等。
连 连句成段，然后连段成篇。
二、三字六步法方法应用
下面将以一篇作文为范例进行“三字六步法”的实践运用：要求你（李华）给笔友Henry写一封回信，说明你高考结束后的暑假安排，并简述理由。要点如下：休息；读书；陪伴父母；参加社会活动。
注意：
1.词数100左右，信的开头和结尾已为你写好（不计入总词数）
2.可根据内容要点适当增加细节，使行文连贯；
3.参考词汇：
高考-college entrance examination
社会活动- social activities
书信的首尾已经给出：
Dear Henry，
I’m glad to receive your letter.It’s a pleasure for me to write to you about my plan for the coming summer vacation after the college entrance examination.
Best wishes！
Yours，
Li Hua
1.抓思路。
本篇作文是什么文体（体裁）——书信
人称是什么——第一人称
时态是什么——一般现在时或一般将来时
主题是什么——My summer plan after the college entrance examination
分几段完成——三段 （opening，body and closing）
第一段写什么——主题 （topic）
第二段写什么——要点 （points）
第三段写什么——祝福 （conclusion and wishes）
2.抓要点。
本篇作文要点：计划；休息；读书；陪伴父母；参加社会活动。
计划——plan to / intend to / be willing to / want to / would like to do
休息——have a rest / relax oneself / get relaxed/ get some relaxation/ free oneself from hard work
读书——read some books / do some reading
陪伴父母——keep my parents company / stay with my parents / spend time with my parents
参加社会活动——take part in / join in / participate in social activities
3.扩。
（1）扩词成句——把要点按句子基本结构扩简单句句子。同时选用相关的合成词、同义词、近
义词、反义词、短语。
1）我计划要休息。I intend to get relaxed.
2）我打算要读书。I would like to read some books.
3）我想要陪伴父母。I plan to keep my parents company.
4）我打算参加社会活动。I want to participate in social activities.
（2）擴单句为复句。通过使用并法、加法、变法扩单句为复句，同时完成题目要求阐述理由。
1）原因状语从句 I want to have a rest because I have worked so hard for so many years.
定语从句：The reason why I want to have a rest is that I have worked so hard for many years. 强调句：It is because I have worked so hard for so many years that I want to have a rest.
倒装句：So hard have I worked for many years that I want to have a rest.
伴随状语：I want to have a rest，playing computer games，watching TV，travelling and so on.
2）定语从句：I would like to read some books that I really feel interested in/ that I couldn’t spare time to read before.
目的状语：I would like to do some reading in order to enlarge/increase/enrich my knowledge and broaden my horizons.
一句多译：I would enjoy myself by reading some books in order to enlarge my knowledge and broaden my horizons.
3）伴随状语：I plan to keep my parents company，chatting with them and helping them with some housework as I love them deeply.
一句多译：My parents have done so much for me so I intend to spend some time helping them with some housework such as washing，cleaning or cooking.
4）目的状语从句：I want to participate in social activities so that I can get more experience and learn more about the outside world.
一句多译：I’m also willing to participate in some social activities so that I can improve my understanding of the outside world.
4.连。
运用连接词、过渡语连句成段、连段成篇。
Dear Henry，
I’m glad to receive your letter.It’s a pleasure for me to write to you about my plan for the coming summer vacation after the college entrance examination.
First of all，I want to get relaxed as I have worked so hard for so many years.At the same time，I would enjoy myself by reading some books in order to enlarge my knowledge and broaden my horizons.In addition，my parents have done so much for me so I intend to spend some time helping them with some housework such as washing，cleaning or cooking.If I have the chance，I’m also willing to participate in some social activities so that I can improve my understanding of the outside world.
Best wishes！
Yours，
Li Hua
三、结束语
实践证明：在英语教学中，运用“三字六步法”进行高三英语作文教学，是一种行之有效的作文教学方式，通过这种方式让学生对写作胸有成竹，且拿到一篇作文題后能迅速的展开思绪，且有条有理，不会一谈到写作文便感到发愁，甚至感到厌恶。
参考文献：
[1]中华人民共和国教育部制定.英语课程标准（实验稿）.2003.
[2]中学英语语篇教学初探.张铁城著[M].北京教育出版社.
[3]余演林.“头脑风暴”在高中英语作文教学中的应用[J].中小学外语教学，2005.