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目的了解贵州省农村留守儿童的健康状况。方法对贵州省定新乡1所中学和4所小学的1 565名学生进行自制儿童问卷调查,对部分儿童进行智力、行为测试,对小学生进行体格检查。结果定新乡留守儿童比例为35.02%;留守与非留守小学男童的平均身高分别为128.74、130.46 cm,平均体重分别为27.31、28.71 kg;留守与非留守小学女童的身高分别为128.52、131.54 cm,平均体重分别为27.26、28.77 kg;同性别留守儿童的平均身高、平均体重均低于非留守儿童,差异有统计学意义;留守儿童的行为问题检出率为34.88%,非留守儿童为28.87%,其中处于青春期(12～16岁)的留守儿童行为问题检出率为41.40%,高于同年龄段非留守儿童的30.62%,差异有统计学意义;留守儿童与非留守儿童在智力方面差异无统计学意义。结论定新乡农村留守儿童比例较高,与非留守儿童比较,留守儿童生长发育较差,心理问题差异不明显,行为问题存在年龄分化现象。
Objective To understand the health status of left-behind children in Guizhou province. Methods A total of 1 565 students from 1 middle school and 4 primary schools in Dingxin township of Guizhou province were surveyed by self-made questionnaires. Some of the children were tested for intelligence and behavior, and the physical examination was conducted on pupils. Results The percentage of left-behind children in Dingxin was 35.02%. The average height of left-behind and non-left-behind primary boys were 128.74 and 130.46 cm, and the average body weights were 27.31 and 28.71 kg respectively. The height of left and right and left-behind girls were 128.52 and 131.54 cm , Mean body weight was 27.26 and 28.77 kg respectively. The average height and average body weight of children left behind by same sex were lower than those of non-left-behind children, the difference was statistically significant. The detection rate of left-behind children was 34.88% and that of non-left-behind children was 28.87 %. Among them, the detection rate of left-behind children’s behavior problems in adolescence (12-16 years old) was 41.40%, which was higher than that of non-left-behind children in same age group (30.62%), the difference was statistically significant; the left-behind children and non-left- The difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion The proportion of left-behind children in rural areas of Dingxin Township is relatively high. Compared with non-left-behind children, the left-behind children have poor growth and development, the psychological problems are not obviously different, and the behavioral problems have the age differentiation.