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８０ 年代初分离培养成功的小鼠胚胎干细胞已被广泛应用于发育生物学的研究、基因功能的鉴定和人类疾病动物模型的建立等许多领域。最近又成功地分离培养了人胚胎干细胞，这种细胞同样具有高表达的端粒酶活性、正常的染色体组型及其它哺乳动物胚胎干细胞表面标志等全能细胞的基本特征。经过四至五个月的体外连续培养仍能保持其全能性，并能发育成滋养层和内中外三个胚层。人胚胎干细胞对于人类本身的生长发育、器官移植、基因治疗和药物评价等方面可能有重要意义。
In the early 1980s, the successful isolation and culture of mouse embryonic stem cells has been widely used in many fields such as developmental biology, identification of gene function and establishment of animal models of human diseases. Recently, human embryonic stem cells have also been successfully isolated and cultured. These cells also have the basic characteristics of highly expressed telomerase activity, normal genomics and other mammalian embryonic stem cell surface markers such as totipotent cells. After four to five months of continuous culture in vitro can still maintain its totipotential, and can develop into a trophoblast and three germ layers inside and outside. Human embryonic stem cells may have important implications for human growth and development, organ transplantation, gene therapy and drug evaluation.