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目的观察统计我院腹膜透析中心与血液透析中心所有透析患者心血管疾病(CVD)患病率,并综合分析其发病的相关影响因素。方法调查所有透析患者主诉和体征及实验室检查、心电图、超声心动图等。结果 (1)所有透析患者冠心病(CAD)患病率为26.3%,左心室肥厚(LVH)患病率为63.1%,慢性充血性心力衰竭(CHF)患病率为42.6%,心律失常(CVA)患病率为43.2%;且CAD、LVH、CHF、CVA患病率随年龄增加而增加。(2)在透析时程<1年的透析患者中,CAD、LVH、CHF、CVA患病率分别为30.0%、63.3%、39.1%和30.7%;透析时程在1～5年的透析患者中,其各种CVD患病率分别为23.8%、56.5%、41.0%和39.4%;透析时程>5年的透析患者各种CVD患病率分别为34.8%、94.6%、55.4%和66.9%。(3)分层比较发现,血液透析(HD)与腹膜透析(PD)患者在各个年龄段CAD及LVH患病率均没有明显差异。>60岁的PD患者中,其CHF患病率高于HD患者,差异有统计学意义。同时,在>60岁的HD患者CVA患病率高于PD患者,差异有统计学意义。(4)在各个透析时程HD患者与PD患者CAD、LVH及CVA患病率没有明显差异。透析龄在1～5年组的PD患者CHF患病率高于HD患者,差异有统计学意义。结论 CVD仍然是威胁透析患者生命的主要疾病之一,深入探讨透析患者CVD的患病率,改善透析患者心血管状态,对于提高透析质量,改善透析患者预后具有重要意义。
Objective To observe the prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in all peritoneal dialysis centers and hemodialysis centers in our hospital and analyze the related factors of its incidence. Methods All dialysis patients were investigated for complaints and signs, laboratory tests, electrocardiogram, and echocardiography. Results (1) The prevalence of CAD in all dialysis patients was 26.3%, the prevalence of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) was 63.1%, the prevalence of chronic congestive heart failure (CHF) was 42.6%, arrhythmia CVA) prevalence rate was 43.2%; and CAD, LVH, CHF, CVA prevalence increased with age. (2) The prevalences of CAD, LVH, CHF and CVA were 30.0%, 63.3%, 39.1% and 30.7% respectively in the dialysis patients whose dialysis duration was less than 1 year. The dialysis patients with dialysis duration of 1-5 years , The prevalence of various CVDs was 23.8%, 56.5%, 41.0% and 39.4%, respectively. The prevalence of CVD among dialysis patients with dialysis duration> 5 years were 34.8%, 94.6%, 55.4% and 66.9%, respectively %. (3) Hierarchical comparison found no significant difference in the prevalence of CAD and LVH between hemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients at all ages. > 60-year-old PD patients, the prevalence of CHF than HD patients, the difference was statistically significant. Meanwhile, the prevalence of CVA was higher in HD patients> 60 years old than in PD patients, the difference was statistically significant. (4) There was no significant difference in prevalence of CAD, LVH and CVA between HD patients and PD patients at each dialysis duration. The prevalence of CHF in PD patients aged 1 to 5 years in dialysis age group was higher than that in HD patients, the difference was statistically significant. Conclusion CVD is still one of the major diseases that threaten the life of dialysis patients. To investigate the prevalence of CVD in dialysis patients and to improve the cardiovascular status of dialysis patients is of great significance for improving the quality of dialysis and improving the prognosis of dialysis patients.