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60年前,当世界反法西战争进入决战阶段的关键时刻,中、英、美三国首脑于1943年12月1日在开罗发表了著名的《开罗宣言》。《开罗宣言》明确宣布:三大盟国此次进行战争之目的,在制止及惩罚日本之侵略,剥夺日本自1914年第一次世界大战开始以后在太平洋所夺得或占领之一切岛屿,在使日本所窃取于中国之领土,例如满洲、台湾、澎湖列岛等,归还中国。这是第一份明确地指明台湾是中国领土,日本侵占台湾是非法性的,必须归还中国的国际法文件。2003年12月1日,即《开罗宣言》发表60周年之际,本所与海峡两岸研究中心、中国社会科学院世界历史研究所在北京共同主办了纪念《开罗宣言》60周年座谈会。专家学者与会,以无可争辩的历史证据和严谨的国际法理论,深刻阐述了《开罗宣言》的历史意义和现实意义,对“台独”分裂势力无视国际法,鼓吹所谓“公投”、“制宪”、“建国”进行了有力批驳。本刊特将座谈会上部分与会者发言稿刊登如下,以饷读者。
Sixty years ago, when the world war against Western France entered the decisive battle, the leaders of China, Britain and the United States issued the famous Cairo Declaration in Cairo on December 1, 1943. The Declaration of Cairo clearly announced that the purpose of the war by the three major allies was to stop and punish Japan for aggression and to deprive Japan of all the islands it seized or occupied in the Pacific since the start of World War I in 1914. Japan stole the territory of China, such as Manchuria, Taiwan, the Penghu Islands, returned to China. This is the first international law document that clearly states that Taiwan is China’s territory and Japan’s occupation of Taiwan is illegitimate and must be returned to China. On December 1, 2003, the 60th anniversary of the publication of the Cairo Declaration, the Institute co-hosted a symposium with the Research Center for both sides of the Taiwan Strait and the Institute of World History of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences in Beijing on the 60th anniversary of the Cairo Declaration. Experts and scholars attended the meeting with profound historical evidence and rigorous theories of international law. They profoundly expounded on the historical significance and practical significance of the “Cairo Declaration,” ignored the international law and advocated the so-called “referendum” on the “splittist” “Constitution ”, “Founding ” carried a powerful refutation. In this forum, some of the speeches of some participants at the symposium will be published as follows.