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一引言随着科学技术的发展,自动机器的发展趋势是结构愈来愈复杂,性能愈来愈灵巧,目前,在许多场合已经能帮助或部分代替了人的工作。在某些具体的工作中,机器还超过了人的生理限制,例如,现代电子计算机的计算速度就大大地超过了人的计算速度。但无论如何,所有现在的机器都只能严格按照人所规定的办法(算法)来进行工作。机器的设计者对他的产品将来的性能、能干些什么事、怎么干法等等,事先是完全知道的。在生物界中,情况就很不一样。我们完全无法预料一个新生婴儿成长之后将会是怎
I. INTRODUCTION With the development of science and technology, the development trend of automatic machines is that the structure is more and more complex and the performance is more and more dexterous. At present, on many occasions it has been able to help or partially replace people’s work. In some specific jobs, the machine still exceeds human physiological limits. For example, modern computers have far exceeded computational speed. In any case, all current machines work only in strict accordance with the manners (algorithms). The designer of the machine knew all about the future performance of his product, what he could do, how he did it, etc. beforehand. In the biological world, the situation is very different. We can not predict how a newborn baby will grow up