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利用8个高度多态性的微卫星位点分析了太湖日本沼虾野生群体的遗传结构.结果表明:在15个群体中至少有3个位点经Bonferroni校正后显示杂合不足,显著偏离了Hardy-Weinberg平衡;15个群体中观测杂合度均大于0.683,显示出较高的遗传多样性水平,但其波动明显,如太湖东、南部的渡口和陆巷等群体的遗传多样性高于西、北部的华庄和洋渚等群体;突变-漂移平衡分析结果显示,15个群体中部分位点杂合显著过剩,偏离了突变-漂移平衡,且近期曾经历过瓶颈效应,群体数量曾经下降;群体间AMOVA分析表明,太湖日本沼虾群体间遗传分化程度较低(FST=0.011),98.9%的遗传变异来自群体内,1.1%来自群体间,并没有形成显著的遗传结构,在种质资源保护和管理上可视作一个单元;华庄与吴塘门群体间DA遗传距离达到0.206,已接近种间分类界限,故太湖日本沼虾种质资源可持续利用工作仍须深入的研究.
Eight microsatellite loci were used to analyze the genetic structure of the wild population of Macrobrachium niger in Taihu Lake.The results showed that at least 3 loci in 15 populations showed heterozygosity after Bonferroni calibration and deviated significantly Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The observed heterozygosities in all 15 populations were greater than 0.683, indicating a high level of genetic diversity. However, their volatility was obvious. For example, the genetic diversity of populations in the east and south of Taihu Lake was higher than that in West , Huazhuang and Yangzhu populations in northern China. The results of mutation-drift equilibrium analysis showed that some sites in 15 populations were significantly heterozygous and deviated from the balance of mutation-drift, and had recently experienced the bottleneck effect, with the population decreasing. The results of AMOVA analysis showed that there was a low degree of genetic differentiation (FST = 0.011) between the populations of M. matsutake population in Taihu Lake, 98.9% of the genetic variation within the population, and 1.1% from the population. There was no significant genetic structure, Protection and management can be regarded as a unit; DA genetic distance between Huazhuang and Wu Tangmen population reached 0.206, close to the species boundaries, so the sustainable utilization of germplasm resources in Macrobrachium nipponense still need to be further Study.