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目的分析2011-2012年青海省手足口病病原学特点及流行规律。方法收集2011-2012年青海省疾病监测报告信息系统的手足口病病例资料,对病原学检测结果及流行特征进行描述性流行病学分析。结果 2011年青海省报告手足口病病例602例,发病率10.70∕10万;2012年报告787例,发病率13.99∕10万,比2011年上升30.73%,两年均无死亡病例。2011-2012年发病率居前两位的地区分布为西宁市和海东地区。2011年报告病例高峰期呈双峰型,分别于6月和11月达高峰;2012年呈单峰型,7月达到最高峰。病例主要分布在5岁以下儿童,其中3~岁组为高发年龄组,占23.33%;散居儿童和托幼儿童分别占50.20%和40.39%。两年实验室确诊病例分别为35例和159例,主要病原体均为EV 71,分别占实验室诊断阳性病例的77.14%和93.71%。结论青海省2012年手足口病发病流行强度偏高于2011年,病毒株未发生转变,以EV71型为主,基因型为C4基因型中的C4a进化分支,人群主要以5岁以下散居儿童及托幼儿童为主,3岁儿童为高发年龄,重点做好5岁以下散居儿童及托幼机构的手足口病防治工作。
Objective To analyze the etiology and epidemiology of HFMD in Qinghai Province from 2011 to 2012. Methods The data of hand-foot-mouth disease in the information system of disease surveillance in Qinghai Province from 2011 to 2012 were collected and the epidemiological analysis of the results and epidemiological characteristics of the pathogenic bacteria was carried out. Results In 2011, 602 cases of hand-foot-mouth disease were reported in Qinghai Province, with an incidence rate of 10.70 / 100 000. In 2012, 787 cases were reported, with an incidence rate of 13.99 / 100 000, an increase of 30.73% over 2011. There were no deaths in both years. The distribution of the top two places in 2011-2012 is Xining and Haidong. The reported peak in 2011 was bimodal, reaching its peak in June and November respectively. In 2012, it was unimodal and reached its peak in July. Cases were mainly distributed in children under 5 years of age, of which 3 to age group of high incidence age group, accounting for 23.33%; scattered children and nursery children accounted for 50.20% and 40.39% respectively. Two laboratory confirmed cases were 35 cases and 159 cases, respectively, the major pathogens are EV 71, respectively, accounting for 77.14% and 93.71% of laboratory positive cases. Conclusion The prevalence of HFMD in Qinghai Province in 2012 was higher than that in 2011, and no change was observed in the strains. EV71 was the predominant genotype and C4a was the evolutionary genotype in C4 genotype. The population mainly consisted of diasporas below 5 years old and Child care-based children, 3-year-old children for the high incidence of age, focusing on children under 5 years of age and nurseries hand, foot and mouth disease prevention and control work.