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1960年在杭州和丽水云和兩地研究甘薯不同品种、不同栽培密度、不同栽插方法、不同施肥和翻蔓提蔓与块根形成及肥大的关系,通过分期挖根取样分析,初步明确: 在杭州一般气候条件下,不同品种間薯块形成有早迟之分,薯块肥大有前期快后期慢、前期慢后期快及前后期都快的三种类型。在气温降低早、收获也早的地区宜于栽培前期膨大快的品种;气溫降低晚、收获也晚的地区,宜于栽培后期膨大快的品种;而前后期膨大都快的品种,可以在全省各地种植。甘薯密植程度不同,对薯块肥大的快慢以及結薯数目的多少影响很大。从个体发育看,稀植1,700株的表現較好,結薯数多,薯块膨大快,单株产量高;但从群体生育看,合理密植的綠色面积大,能充分利用地力和阳光,增加单位面积薯数,总产量也高。在本試驗条件下,密度以每亩3,400-5,100株为宜。不同栽插方式对薯块生育的关系,大壠双行由于有利于合理密植及保持土壤水分,单位面积产量最高,但由于密度較高,必須相应的增施肥料。高墩丛栽的墩子高、土层厚,墩間通风透光,土壤通气較好,具有結薯早、膨大快、单株产量高的特点,在土质粘重,地势較低洼处可以采用,但必須适当增加密度,才能提高总产量。肥料与薯块形成肥大关系密切。施肥量少,基肥比例低的結薯較早,薯块前期膨大快;施肥量多,基肥比例高的結薯較迟,但后期膨大快。在合理施肥情况下,施肥量多的藤蔓生長旺盛,薯块产量也高。但集中一次施用重肥,往往使藤叶生長过旺,不能及时落黄,对薯块形成和肥大不利。对不同蔓型的品种,不同土质、不同栽插期的甘薯进行翻蔓的結果,都会使分枝及叶片大量減少,并破坏叶片正常分布和进行光合作用,扭曲了藤蔓,阻碍养分的順利輸送和积累,在短期内使生長停頓;同时还拉断了毛根,影响养分和水分的吸收,并促使土壤水分加快蒸发,不利抗旱,因而在絕大部分情况下造成減产。
In 1960 and Hangzhou, Lishui and two places to study the different varieties of sweet potato, different planting density, planting methods, different fertilization and vine Manchurian tuberous root formation and hypertrophy relationship, staged digging root sampling analysis, the initial clear: Hangzhou general climatic conditions, the formation of different varieties of potato between the late, tuberous hypertrophy early fast late, early slow late and fast before and after the three types. In areas where the temperature is reduced early and harvested early, it is advisable to cultivate rapidly expanding varieties in the early stage; areas where the temperature is reduced late and the harvest is late should be cultivated in late-stage expanded varieties; Planting throughout the province. The degree of sweet potato density is different, the size of potato tuber and the number of tubers affect the number of great influence. In terms of individual development, 1,700 plants were planted well, with more tuber tubers and more tuber expansion and higher yield per plant. However, from the viewpoint of group birth, the green areas reasonably close to planting were large and could make full use of soil fertility and sunshine to increase The unit area of potato, the total output is also high. Under the test conditions, the density of 3,400-5,100 plants per acre is appropriate. Different transplanting methods on the relationship between the birth of potato tuberosum double row is conducive to a reasonable density and maintain soil moisture, the highest yield per unit area, but due to the higher density, the corresponding increase in fertilizer. The high piers are planted with high pier height, thick soil layers, air-permeable and light pier between the pier and aeration of the soil, which has the characteristics of early tuber, rapid expansion and high output per plant, which can be used in the soil with low viscosity, However, the density must be appropriately increased in order to increase the total output. Fertilizer and tubers to form a hypertrophy close. Few fertilizers, low proportion of basal tuber early tuber, early tuberosity swollen; fertilization amount, the proportion of high basal fertilizer tuber late, but the late rapid expansion. In the case of a reasonable fertilization, the amount of vine fertilizer and strong growth, potato yield is also high. However, a concentrated application of heavy fat, tend to make vine leaves grow too vigorous, can not fall yellow in time, the formation of potato and fat disadvantage. Variety of different man-made varieties, different soil quality, different planting sweet potatoes to turn the results will make a large number of branches and leaves to reduce and destroy the normal distribution of leaves and photosynthesis, distort the vine, hinder the smooth delivery of nutrients And accumulation in a short period of time to make the growth pause; at the same time also pulled off the hair root, affecting the absorption of nutrients and water, and to promote faster evaporation of soil moisture, adverse drought, which in the vast majority of cases resulting in reduced production.