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掌握一定的生理和生物力学知识,可以提高我们对速滑训练的认识,有利于提高速滑成绩。在交替的高能量侧蹬后的滑行阶段中,持续的等张性收缩的肌肉不需要(局部)能量释放系统。在短暂的爆发性的侧蹬后,运动单位的恢复需要一种特殊的方式。在髋、膝部伸肌中,具有一定量的快(有效侧蹬)、慢(维持滑行姿势)肌纤维,对取得良好的速滑成绩是非常必要的。本文把有关速滑生理的资料进行了总结,其中包括能量供应、机能状况、肌肉活动、疲劳和训练等问题。然而,这些生理问题都离不开生物力学,在必要的地方将涉及生物力学。
Having some knowledge of physiology and biomechanics can improve our understanding of speed skating training and speed up the speed skating performance. In an alternating, high-energy side-kick gliding phase, sustained isotonic contraction of muscle does not require a (partial) energy release system. After a short burst of pedaling, the recovery of motor units needs a special way. In the hip, knee extensor, with a certain amount of fast (effective lateral pedaling), slow (maintain gliding position) muscle fibers, to obtain good speed skating grades is necessary. This article summarizes information on speed skating physiology, including issues such as energy supply, performance status, muscle activity, fatigue, and training. However, these physiological problems are inseparable from biomechanics, biomechanics where necessary.