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目的了解中国0~6岁儿童与母婴安全相关的残疾现患率及不同年份的残疾变化情况。方法利用1987年第一次和2006年第二次全国残疾人抽样调查数据,以0~6岁儿童为研究对象,利用SPSS 16.0软件分析不同特征儿童与母婴安全相关残疾的分布,比较1987—2006年母婴安全相关残疾变化趋势。结果 2006年与母婴安全相关残疾现患率为7.86‰,高于1987年的7.16‰;1987年男童残疾现患率为7.48‰,女童为6.66‰,差异有统计学意义(χ2=5.295,P=0.022);2006年男童残疾现患率为8.55‰,女童为7.04‰,差异有统计学意义(χ2=13.835,P<0.001);1987年农村地区儿童残疾现患率为7.62‰,城镇为5.65‰,差异有统计学意义(χ2=21.886,P<0.001);2006年农村地区为8.55‰,城镇地区为6.00‰,差异有统计学意义(χ2=31.298,P<0.001)。结论中国与母婴安全相关的残疾情况较为严重,20年间中国母婴保健不良的结局正在经历“从死亡向带残生存”的模式转变。
Objective To understand the maternal and child safety-related disability prevalence rates and disability changes in different years among Chinese children aged 0-6 years. Methods Using the data of the first national survey of disabled persons in 1987 and the second national survey of disabled persons in 2006, the distribution of disability-related maternal and child-safety-related disabilities among children aged 0-6 was analyzed using SPSS 16.0 software. 2006 maternal and child safety-related disability trends. Results The prevalence rate of maternal and child-related disability in 2006 was 7.86 ‰, which was higher than that of 1987 (7.6 ‰). The prevalence rate of male disability in 1987 was 7.48 ‰ and that of girls was 6.66 ‰ (χ2 = 5.295, P = 0. 022). In 2006, the prevalence of disability among boys was 8.55 ‰ and that of girls was 7.04 ‰ (χ2 = 13.835, P <0.001). In 1987, the prevalence of disability among children in rural areas was 7.62 ‰ and that of urban areas was 5.65 ‰, the difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 21.886, P <0.001); in rural areas in 2006 8.55 ‰, urban areas 6.00 ‰, the difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 31.298, P <0.001). Conclusion The maternal and child-related disability in China is more serious. The maternal and child health care outcomes in China are undergoing a transition from “death to disability survival” in 20 years.