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一、前言机床机身的温度差异是导致在许多情况下对工作精度产生有害作用的热变形的干扰因素。这种变形是与位置和时间有关的变形,即到各处位置上的温度会是各不相同的,当机床以不同速度或在某段时间内运转时,温度也会变化。这些关系和相互依赖性使在像机床这样的复杂结构中的热分配和热变形情况变得复杂,难以分析。一般来说,机床机身内的温度变化由几种不同类型的供热情况引起。也就是说,是由机床本身所处的工序、周围环境(外在热源)以及机床内部的热源引起的。另外,也有一些由热产生的变形并不遵循众所周知的材料的线性膨胀特性,而是被称为“热时效”。我们这里所涉
I. INTRODUCTION The temperature difference of the machine body is a disturbing factor in the thermal deformation that causes detrimental effects on working accuracy in many cases. This deformation is position and time related to the deformation, which means that the temperature will be different everywhere, when the machine at different speeds or in a period of time when the operation, the temperature will change. These relationships and interdependencies complicate heat distribution and thermal deformation in complex structures such as machine tools and are difficult to analyze. In general, the temperature changes in the machine body are caused by several different types of heating conditions. That is to say, it is caused by the process of the machine itself, the surrounding environment (external heat source) and the heat source inside the machine tool. In addition, there are also some heat-induced deformations that do not follow the linear expansion properties of the well-known materials but are called “thermal aging.” We are involved here