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非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)的疫苗治疗具有不良反应小、耐受性好的特点,但众多的临床研究并未取得突破性的进展。影响疫苗治疗肺癌的主要困难包括由于肿瘤免疫原性弱而缺乏肿瘤特异性抗原以及宿主免疫监视下的肿瘤免疫逃逸和免疫耐受。近几年来,随着人们对肿瘤和免疫系统关系的进一步认识,特异性肿瘤抗原的发现及免疫佐剂和载体的发展,疫苗治疗NSCLC已经取得了显著的进展,如melanoma-associated antigen-A3疫苗、针对mucin 1抗原的疫苗、EGF疫苗等抗原特异性疫苗以及将TGF-β2转染NSCLC细胞株制成的全细胞疫苗Belagenpumatucel-L等。多个Ⅱ期临床研究已经证实了它们在NSCLC中的疗效,相应多中心的Ⅲ期临床研究正在进行中。
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) vaccine treatment has the characteristics of small adverse reactions, good tolerance, but many clinical studies have not made a breakthrough. Major difficulties affecting vaccines in treating lung cancer include the lack of tumor-specific antigens as well as tumor immune escape and immune tolerance under host immune surveillance due to weak immunogenicity of the tumor. In recent years, with the further understanding of the relationship between tumor and immune system, the discovery of specific tumor antigens and the development of immune adjuvants and carriers, significant progress has been made in the treatment of vaccine for NSCLC such as melanoma-associated antigen-A3 vaccine , Vaccine against mucin 1 antigen, antigen-specific vaccine such as EGF vaccine, and whole cell vaccine Belagenpumatucel-L prepared by transfection of TGF-β2 into NSCLC cell lines. Multiple Phase II clinical studies have confirmed their efficacy in NSCLC and the corresponding multicenter Phase III clinical trial is underway.