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目的了解在新工艺、新技术及实施综合性防尘措施的条件下,大型汽车制造公司工人粉尘接触情况。方法连续6年对广西某机械股份有限公司作业工人接触粉尘浓度进行检测,采用个体采样和定点短时间采样相结合的方法,并测量空气中粉尘游离SiO2含量。结果铸造工艺造型和落砂岗位的粉尘游离SiO2含量最高,平均50%左右。大多数作业工人接触的主要是矽尘,浓度在1.58～7.25 mg/m3。其次是金属粉尘,浓度在3.41～6.80mg/m3。造型工、落砂工、熔炼工、感应炉工、气割工、工具磨工、司炉工和抛丸工接触的矽尘TWA浓度超标,其余作业工人接触粉尘浓度合格。结论大型汽车制造行业粉尘性质主要是矽尘和金属粉尘,粉尘危害以矽尘为主,应将矽尘的控制列为职业卫生工作重点。
Objective To understand the dust exposure of workers in large automobile manufacturing companies under new technology, new technologies and implementation of comprehensive dust control measures. Methods The contact dust concentration of a worker in Guangxi Machinery Company Limited was tested for 6 consecutive years. The method of combining individual sampling and short-time fixed-point sampling was used to measure the free SiO2 content in air. Results Casting process modeling and falling sand positions of the highest free SiO2 content of dust, an average of about 50%. Most workers exposed to the main silica dust, the concentration of 1.58 ~ 7.25 mg / m3. Followed by metal dust, the concentration of 3.41 ~ 6.80mg / m3. Molding workers, falling sand workers, smelting workers, induction furnace workers, gas cutting workers, tool grinding workers, fireman and shot blasting workers contact TWA concentration of silica dust exceeded, the remaining workers in contact with dust concentration qualified. Conclusion The dust characteristics of large automobile manufacturing industry are mainly silica dust and metal dust, the dust hazard is mainly silica dust, and the control of silica dust should be listed as the focus of occupational health work.