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用逆转录－聚合酶链反应（ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ）检测了４２例肝细胞癌（ＨＣＣ）患者肝癌及癌旁肝组织中丙型肝炎病毒（ＨＣＶ）ＲＮＡ的正、负链。结果显示：肝组织中ＨＣＶＲＮＡ正、负链的检出率分别为５４．８％和３５．７％；ＨＣＶＲＮＡ的正链和负链在肝癌和癌旁肝组织中，同时阳性的患者分别占４５．２％和３１．０％；血清ＨＣＶＲＮＡ和抗ＨＣＶ阴性者肝组织中ＨＣＶＲＮＡ的检出率仍有５１．３％；肝组织ＨＣＶＲＮＡ与乙型肝炎病毒（ＨＢＶ）的感染状态无显著相关。提示，ＨＣＶ感染可能是ＨＣＣ发生的另一病原学因素；血清ＨＣＶＲＮＡ和抗ＨＣＶ阴性时不能排除体内存在ＨＣＶ感染的可能性。
Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect the positive and negative strands of hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA in liver cancer and adjacent liver tissue in 42 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The results showed that the positive and negative strands of HCV RNA in liver tissues were detected in 54.8% and 35.7%, respectively; the positive and negative strands of HCV RNA in hepatocellular carcinoma and para-carcinoma tissues, and positive patients accounted for 45 .2% and 31.0%; the detection rate of HCV RNA in liver tissue was still 51.3% in serum HCV RNA and anti-HCV negative; there was no significant correlation between liver tissue HCV RNA and hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection status. It is suggested that HCV infection may be another etiological factor for HCC; serum HCV RNA and anti-HCV negative cannot exclude the possibility of HCV infection in vivo.