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今年2月26日是邓拓同志八十岁诞辰。邓拓是著名的新闻工作者、历史学家和诗人,“文革”初期被林彪、“四人帮”迫害致死。 邓拓在经济理论方面的研究也颇有建树。《中国教荒史》是他在1937年撰写的一本专著,全书约24万字,署名邓云特,当年6月由商务印书馆出版,1958年由三联书店再版,并将文字改为语体文。作者分析研究了大量历史资料,正确地指出:所谓灾荒,乃是由于自然界的破坏力对人类生活的打击超过了人类的抵抗力而引起的损害。而在阶级社会里,灾荒往往是由于人和人的社会关系的失调而引起的人对自然条件控制的失败所招致的社会物质生活上的损害和破坏。从救荒事业发展程度可以测量人类控制自然能力的大小,可以作为人类文明进化程度的一种标志。《中国救荒史》一书不仅记述了历史灾荒的实况和救济政策,而且分析了历代社会经济结构的性质和形态的演变以及它们同灾荒的关系,从而揭示了灾荒这一社会病态根源。揭示了历史上各阶段灾荒的一般性和特殊性,借以探求防治途径。 为了纪念邓拓,特请成美同志将《中国救荒史》的第一编《历代灾荒的史实分析》加以缩写,发表于此。
February 26 this year, Comrade Deng Tuo eighty's birthday. Deng Tuo was a famous journalist, historian and poet. In the early days of the Cultural Revolution, he was persecuted to death by Lin Biao and the Gang of Four. Dinton also made a lot of achievements in economic theory. The History of Chinese Disadvantagedness is a monograph written by him in 1937, with a total of 240,000 words and signed by Deng Yunte. It was published by the Commercial Press in June of that year and was republished by Joint Publishing in 1958. The book was changed into Chinese. The author analyzes and studies a large amount of historical materials and correctly states that the so-called famine is caused by the destruction of human life by the destructive forces of nature beyond the resistance of human beings. In class society, however, the famine is often caused by the misunderstanding of the social relations between man and man, which leads to the damage and destruction of the material life of the society caused by the failure of the control of the natural conditions. From the degree of development of the rescue work can measure the size of human control of natural ability, as a sign of the degree of evolution of human civilization. The book “China's Preserving Famine” not only describes the actual situation of famine disaster and the relief policy, but also analyzes the evolution of the nature and shape of the social and economic structures of the past dynasties and their relationship with famine, revealing the root causes of famine. Reveals the generality and particularity of the famine in all stages of history so as to seek ways of prevention and control. In order to commemorate Deng Tuo, he invited Comrade Cheng Mei to abbreviate and publish the first series of “Historical Prehistory Analysis of Disasters of Different Dynasties” in “The Chinese Rescue Famine”.