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目的:研究极端气候(高温、寒冷气候)条件下新生儿肺炎的发生规律,并提出诊断治疗的方法及预防对策。方法:把1年分为3个气候:冬春季型(11～2月)、夏季型(6～8月)及过渡季型(3～5月及9～10月),患儿入院后常规检测血液中各种介质、病原菌,同时进行血气分析并摄胸片,跟踪临床过程。结果:极端气候条件下新生儿肺炎有不同的发病规律,其患病率与死亡率均与季节有关,冬春季最高,过渡季次之,夏季最低(P<0.01);临床表现不典型,C反应蛋白的特异性较低,及时行胸片检查可明确诊断;病原菌有一定的特点,革兰氏阴性菌是该院新生儿肺炎的主要病原菌。结论:根据极端气候条件下新生儿肺炎发病的规律和特点,采取相应的诊断防治技术,可减少严重病例的发生,降低新生儿的死亡率。
Objective: To study the occurrence of neonatal pneumonia in extreme climate (high temperature, cold climate) and to put forward the diagnosis and treatment methods and preventive measures. Methods: One year was divided into three climates: winter and spring (11 February), summer (June to August) and transitional season (March to May and September to October) Detection of blood in a variety of media, pathogens, at the same time blood gas analysis and chest radiography, tracking the clinical course. Results: Neonatal pneumonia had different incidence patterns under extreme climatic conditions. The morbidity and mortality were related to the seasons, the highest in winter and spring, the second in transitional season, and the lowest in summer (P <0.01). The clinical manifestations were not typical. C The specificity of the reaction protein is low, timely diagnosis of chest X-ray examination can be clearly diagnosed; pathogens have certain characteristics, Gram-negative bacteria is the hospital neonatal pneumonia, the main pathogen. Conclusion: According to the rules and characteristics of neonatal pneumonia in extreme climatic conditions, appropriate diagnosis and prevention techniques can be adopted to reduce the incidence of severe cases and reduce the neonatal mortality rate.