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近年來,由於科学和技術的成就和需要,一个新的科学部門——“电子数字計算机”(上圖),很快地發展起來。电子数字計算机具有驚人的快速、無比的准确性和灵活性。它的出現,使很多科学和技術有了更大發展的可能。电子数字計算机在近代科学中的地位無疑是很重要的。很早以前,人們就感到对計算工具的需要。我國的算盤是世界上最早的数字計算器。以后出現了各种机械的計算器,后來發展成为現在的可以作四则运算(加減乘除)的“台式計算机”(圖1)。台式計算机有手搖的和电动的。在現代的計算机的领域里,还有一种“穿孔計算机”。它是一种电动的計算机,比較台式計算机要大很多。在統計和
In recent years, due to the achievements and needs of science and technology, a new scientific department, the “electronic digital computer” (above), has developed rapidly. Electronic digital computers have amazing speed, unmatched accuracy and flexibility. Its appearance has made many sciences and technologies more probable. The position of electronic digital computers in modern science is undoubtedly very important. Long ago, people felt the need for computing tools. Our country’s abacus is the world’s first digital calculator. Afterwards, various mechanical calculators emerged, which later developed into the “desktop computers” that can now perform four operations (add, subtract, multiply, and divide) (Figure 1). Desktop computers are hand-cranked and electric. In the field of modern computers, there is also a “perforated computer.” It is an electric computer, much larger than a desktop computer. In statistics and