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大型电站锅炉炉墙结构振动的原因很复杂,主要有燃料燃烧不均匀或爆发性连续脉冲;烟气流过管束时形成的卡门涡街;炉膛空腔的声学共振;从结构外振源传来的振动等。炉墙振动过大会造成绝热层开裂、焊接松脱等恶劣后果,锅炉内爆则会引起灾难性的破坏,但目前锅炉结构设计从未考虑其动态特性。本文对国产大型电站锅炉(主要是30万千瓦电站直流锅炉)的炉墙和刚性梁振动进行了较全面的实测,对测试数据进行了谱分析和传递函数分析,研究了炉墙各区域的振幅分布及频率分布,又从相关分析中研究了振动的随机性,定性地分析了燃烧、卡门涡街、声学共振等所引起的振动的频率范围,从而肯定了目前国产30万千瓦电站锅炉炉墙振动的主要振源在于燃烧。
The reasons for the vibration of the furnace wall structure of large power station boilers are complex, mainly due to the uneven or explosive continuous fuel combustion pulse; the Karman vortex formed when the flue gas flows through the tube bundle; the acoustic resonance of the cavity of the furnace; Vibration and so on. The vibration of the furnace wall causes the cracking of the insulation layer and the loose welding. The boiler implosion can cause catastrophic damage. However, the structural design of the boiler has never considered its dynamic characteristics. In this paper, the vibration of furnace walls and rigid beams of domestic large-scale power plant boilers (mainly the 300 MW DC boiler) were comprehensively measured. Spectral analysis and transfer function analysis of the test data were carried out. The amplitude of each area of the furnace wall Distribution and frequency distribution, and from the correlation analysis of the randomness of vibration, qualitative analysis of the combustion, Karman vortex, acoustic resonance caused by the vibration frequency range, thus affirmed the current domestic 300000 kilowatts power station boiler wall The main source of vibration is combustion.