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目的了解开封市乙型肝炎的流行病学特征,为制定控制策略提供依据。方法采用Excel2003软件对开封市2005～2009年的乙肝疫情资料进行统计分析。结果近5年全市累计报告乙肝45 231例,死亡14例,年均报告发病率、死亡率分别为191.76/10万、0.06/10万。2005年以来开封市乙型肝炎发病率先呈上升后下降,发病发病率在139.91/10万～244.02/10万之间波动,2007年达到高峰,尔后逐年下降于2009年达到发病新低。近5年乙型肝炎均处于各类传染病发病首位。发病年龄主要集中于青壮年,15岁以下儿童的发病率逐年下降,2009年也达新低(11.86/10万)。男性多于女性;高发人群为农民、学生。结论加强乙肝监测和儿童免疫接种,同时扩大乙肝疫苗的接种人群,并开展预防乙肝的宣传教育,将有效降低乙肝发病率。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of hepatitis B in Kaifeng City and provide the basis for the development of control strategy. Methods Excel2003 software was used to analyze the epidemiological data of hepatitis B in Kaifeng from 2005 to 2009. Results In the recent 5 years, a total of 45 231 hepatitis B patients and 14 deaths were reported in the city. The average annual incidence and mortality rates were 191.76 / lakh and 0.06 / lakh respectively. Since 2005, the incidence of hepatitis B in Kaifeng first rose and then dropped. The morbidity rate fluctuated between 139.91 / 100,000 and 244.02 / 100,000, reaching a peak in 2007, and then decreased year by year to a new low in 2009. Hepatitis B in the past 5 years are all in the first place in the incidence of various types of infectious diseases. The age of onset mainly concentrated in young adults, the incidence of children under 15 years of age declined year by year, also reached a new low (11.86 / 100,000). More men than women; high incidence of farmers, students. Conclusion To strengthen the monitoring of hepatitis B and immunization of children, at the same time to expand the population of hepatitis B vaccine inoculation, and to carry out prevention and treatment of hepatitis B education will effectively reduce the incidence of hepatitis B.