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目的:观察脑损伤早产儿血清钙结合蛋白(S100B)、髓鞘碱性蛋白(MBP)和特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)水平变化及其与早产儿脑损伤发生的相关性。方法:收集2017年7月至2018年7月于温州市人民医院分娩的脑损伤早产儿120例和同期健康早产儿120例为研究对象，分别于新生儿出生后24 h内、出生后3 d和出生后7 d检测血清S100B、MBP和NSE水平，观察各指标水平变化，比较健康早产儿与脑损伤早产儿之间以及不同脑损伤严重程度早产儿之间血清S100B、MBP和NSE水平的差异，统计分析早产儿出生后24 h内血清S100B、MBP和NSE水平与脑损伤发生的相关性。结果:出生后各时间点，脑损伤早产儿组血清S100B、MBP和NSE水平均显著高于健康早产儿组(n t＝8.458～24.963，均n P<0.05)；出生后各时间点，不同严重程度脑损伤早产儿之间血清S100B、MBP和NSE水平差异均有统计学意义(n F＝7.041～18.417，均n P<0.05)，重度脑损伤早产儿组各指标水平均显著高于中度脑损伤早产儿组和轻度脑损伤早产儿组，且中度脑损伤早产儿组各指标水平均显著高于轻度脑损伤早产儿组(n t＝6.537～34.962，均n P<0.05)；早产儿出生后24 h内血清S100B、MBP和NSE水平均与脑损伤的发生呈显著正相关性(n r＝0.817～0.883，均n P<0.05)。n 结论:早产儿血清中S100B、MBP和NSE水平与脑损伤的发生呈正相关性，检测上述指标对早产儿脑损伤早期诊断及病情评估具有较高临床价值。“,”Objective:To observe the changes of serum S100B calcium binding protein(S100B), myelin basic protein(MBP) and specific enolase(NSE) levels in preterm infants with brain injury and the correlation between them.Methods:From July 2017 to July 2018, 120 preterm infants with brain injury and 120 healthy preterm infants of Wenzhou People's Hospital in the same period were selected in this research.Serum S100B, MBP and NSE levels were measured within 24 h, 3 d after birth and 7 d after birth.The levels of S100B, MBP and NSE in serum of healthy preterm infants and preterm infants with brain injury were compared.The correlation between the levels of serum S100B, MBP, NSE and the occurrence of brain injury was analyzed.Results:The levels of serum S100B, MBP and NSE in preterm infants with brain injury were significantly higher than those in healthy preterm infants at all the time points after birth(n t=8.458-24.963, all n P<0.05). The levels of serum S100B, MBP and NSE in preterm infants with brain injury of different severity were statistically significant at all the time points after birth(n F=7.041-18.417, all n P<0.05). The levels of above indicators in the severe brain injury preterm group were significantly higher than those in the moderate brain injury preterm group and mild brain injury preterm group, and the levels of S100B, MBP and NSE in the moderate brain injury preterm group were significantly higher than those in the mild brain injury preterm group(n t=6.537-34.962, all n P<0.05). The levels of S100B, MBP and NSE were positively correlated with the occurrence of brain injury(n r=0.817-0.883, all n P<0.05).n Conclusion:The levels of S100B, MBP and NSE in serum of preterm infants are positively correlated with the occurrence of brain injury.The detection of these indicators has high clinical value for the early diagnosis and condition evaluation of brain injury of preterm infants.