论文部分内容阅读
目的:分析本院近6年住院患者抗菌药物使用结构的变化趋势，评估依托自研的抗菌药物临床应用决策支持系统（aCDSS）全面实现信息化管理的成效，为合理用药和科学管理提供参考。方法:构建知识库，设计嵌入式程序植入住院电子病历（EMR）医嘱系统，依托集成知识库和规则引擎实现与医院各信息系统无缝衔接，对抗菌药物医嘱的各个环节实现全过程、全病例、专业化与精细化智能管控。从医院HIS和aCDSS中提取2015年1月至2020年12月每例出院患者的基本信息、抗菌药物使用医嘱明细和用量数据，对各类抗菌药物的使用率、使用人次比及使用强度变化进行趋势分析。结果:自2015年依托自研的aCDSS全面实施信息化管理以来，全院抗菌药物使用率从44.18%逐年下降至2020年的38.70%，碳青霉烯、超广谱酶抑制剂复合物、替加环素、第三-四代头孢菌素、氟喹诺酮等超广谱抗菌药物以及糖肽类、抗真菌药的使用率和使用人次比呈持续下降趋势，其中前三类超广谱抗菌药物均较2015年下降近50%。碳青霉烯类、替加环素的使用强度2015年以来呈现逐年下降趋势，与2015年相比，2020年分别下降了29.6%和7.1%，而窄谱的第一-二代头孢菌素使用强度则持续升高，近三年使用强度占全部抗菌药物的28.2%。结论:通过依托信息化为主的综合管理，本院近6年广谱、高价抗菌药物使用率和使用强度持续下降，窄谱抗菌药物使用占比逐年增加，抗菌药物使用结构持续优化，管理成效显著。“,”Objective:To evaluate the effectiveness of antimicrobial stewardship based on self-developed antibiotic clinical decision support system (aCDSS) in the inpatients at a tertiary hospital for consecutive 6 years, and to provide reference for rational use and antimicrobial stewardship.Methods:aCDSS was self-designed based on information technology and applied in clinical use in our hospital from 2015. Data of inpatient information and antibacterial use from January 2015 to December 2020 were collected from HIS and aCDSS. A retrospective study was conducted in all inpatients on the utilization rate and antibiotic use density.Results:Since 2015, with the comprehensive implementation of antimicrobial stewardship based on the aCDSS,there was a significant decline on the annual rate of antibiotic usage from 44.18% in 2015 to 38.70% in 2020, as well as on the usage rate of extended-spectrum antimicrobial agents including carbapenems, broad-spectrum β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitors, tigecycline, broad-spectrum cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, as well as glycopeptide and antifungal drugs. Compared with 2015, the usage of carbapenems, tigecycline and broad-spectrum β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitors was declined nearly 50% in 2020, and the density of carbapenems and tigecycline were decreased by 29.6% and 7.1%, respectively in 2020. On the other side, the utilization rate and use density of narrow-spectrum cephalosporins continued to increase by year, the use density of narrow-spectrum cephalosporins accounting for 28.2% of all antibiotics in 2020.Conclusions:With the comprehensive implementation of aCDSS, the utilization rate and density of broad-spectrum and high-priced antibacterial drugs in our hospital have decreased continuously to decline in the past 6 years, while the proportion of narrow-spectrum antimicrobials has increased year by year, indicating that the structure of antimicrobial use has been continuously optimized and that antimicrobial stewardship based on the information technology have achieved remarkable results.