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目的了解石渠县青海田鼠鼠疫自然疫源地青海田鼠巢蚤构成及其变化,为鼠疫防治提供科学依据。方法于2011-2012年的5~9月期间每月挖取青海田鼠巢6~12个,对巢穴蚤进行分类鉴定。计算巢蚤指数、染蚤率、Shannon多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数和Simpson优势度指数。结果鉴定蚤3175匹、属3科8种,染蚤率为100%,蚤指数为41.59,多样性指数平均值0.696;均匀度指数平均值0.887;优势度指数平均值0.524。结论石渠县青海田鼠巢穴染蚤率和蚤指数高,巢蚤优势种为细钩盖蚤和直缘双蚤指名亚种,保存和传播鼠疫的潜在风险较高,应加强疫源地鼠疫监测力度和灭鼠灭蚤工作,防止人间鼠疫发生。
Objective To understand the composition and changes of nest flea in the field vole in Qinghai, a natural foci of the plague in Qinghai, China, to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of plague. Methods From January to September of 2011 to 2012, 6 ~ 12 hamsters in Qinghai were sampled every month, and the fleas were identified and classified. Nestle index, flea infection rate, Shannon’s diversity index, Pielou’s evenness index and Simpson’s dominance index were calculated. Results 3175 fleas were identified, belonging to 3 families and 8 species. The flea infection rate was 100%. The flea index was 41.59. The average diversity index was 0.696. The evenness index was 0.887. The average dominance index was 0.524. Conclusions Daphnia magna and flea index were high in the nests of voles in Tianqi County of Shiguan County. The dominant species of Neospora flea were identified as the subspecies submerged fleece and Monochamus spp., And the potential risk of the plague being stored and disseminated was high. And rodent fleas work to prevent human plague occurred.