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To investigate the role of signal transducer and transcriptional activator 5 (STAT5) activated in ovalbumin (OVA)-induced splenocyte proliferation of asthma mice, an asthma mouse model was set up by intraperitoneal injection and aspiration of OVA with nebulizer. The proliferation of splenocytes isolated from the asthma mice was detected by [3H] thymidine incorporation. The phosphorytation of STAT5 was examined by West blotting and STAT5-DNA binding was measured by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). OVA could pronouncedly induce the splenocyte proliferation of asthma mice in a dose-dependent manner compared with control groups. Phosphorylation of STAT5 and STAT5-DNA binding were observed in splenocytes from asthma mice induced by OVA at 1 h and 3 h. These results indicated that STAT5 signal pathway played an important role in lymphocyte proliferation of asthma mice induced by OVA. Cellular & Molecular Immunology.2004;1(6):471-474.