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目的调查中国内陆地区孕妇孕晚期膳食模式与其过渡乳中脂肪酸构成的关系。方法选取靠近淡水河湖(江苏句容)和远离河湖(河北徐水)的内陆地区各一处,每地区募集孕晚期孕妇40位,调查其孕晚期膳食消费情况及其过渡乳脂肪酸构成。结果两地区孕妇海鱼消费频次均低于1次/周,句容地区孕妇消费菜籽油显著高于徐水地区(P<0.05)。两地区乳母每100 g过渡乳中总脂质含量分别为(4.39±1.18)和(3.92±1.47)g(P=0.11),DHA含量分别为(0.46±0.20)%和(0.29±0.09)%(P<0.05)。菜籽油摄入量与过渡乳中DHA百分含量显著相关(r=0.362,P<0.05)。结论两地区孕产妇过渡乳脂肪酸构成差异可能由其膳食模式差异所致。充分摄入n-3长链多不饱和脂肪酸的前体(如α亚麻酸)在一定程度上可有效代偿其摄入的不足。
Objective To investigate the relationship between dietary patterns of pregnant women in the third trimester of pregnancy and fatty acid composition in their transitional milks in inland China. Methods One inland area near Tamsui Lake (Jurong, Jiangsu Province) and far away from the rivers and lakes (Xushui, Hebei Province) were selected. Forty pregnant women in the third trimester were recruited in each district to investigate their dietary expenditure during the third trimester and the constitution of the transitional milk fatty acids . Results The consumption frequency of pregnant women in both regions was lower than 1 times per week. The consumption of rapeseed oil by pregnant women in Jurong was significantly higher than that of Xushui (P <0.05). The contents of total lipids per 100 g of transitional milk in the two regions were (4.39 ± 1.18) and (3.92 ± 1.47) g (P = 0.11) and the DHA content was (0.46 ± 0.20)% and (0.29 ± 0.09) (P <0.05). The rapeseed oil intake was significantly correlated with the percentage of DHA in the transitional milk (r = 0.362, P <0.05). Conclusion The differences in the composition of fatty acids in the transitional maternal milk may be caused by the different dietary patterns. Adequate intake of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid precursors (such as α-linolenic acid) to a certain extent, can effectively compensate for its lack of intake.