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寄生蜂作为天敌昆虫,在害虫生物防治中起着极其重要的作用。现代分子生物学和第二代测序技术的迅速发展,为筛选寄生蜂与寄主免疫互作的关键分子,阐明寄生蜂逃避或抑制寄主免疫系统攻击的机理提供了新的机遇。昆虫的天然免疫可分为细胞免疫和体液免疫,寄生蜂在与寄主长期的协同进化过程中,依靠毒液(venom)、多分DNA病毒(PDV)、类病毒颗粒(VLP)、畸形细胞(teratocyte)等手段,一方面调控寄主血细胞的增殖和分化,抑制细胞包囊反应,从而破坏寄主的细胞免疫系统;另一方面,通过抑制酚氧化酶原激活干扰寄主的体液免疫,从而逃避黑化反应的攻击。寄生蜂在发育过程中也有相应的免疫防御机制。本文从细胞免疫、体液黑化反应以及免疫信号通路等方面,综述了近年来利用组学手段在寄生蜂调控寄主免疫方面取得的最新进展,以期为阐明天然免疫的分子机制、探索害虫防治新方法提供借鉴。
Parasitic wasps, as natural enemies of insects, play an extremely important role in the biological control of pests. The rapid development of modern molecular biology and second-generation sequencing technology provides a new opportunity for screening key molecules that parasitoid interacts with host immune system and clarifies the mechanism that parasitoids can evade or inhibit host immune system attack. The natural immunity of insects can be divided into cellular immunity and humoral immunity. Parasitic wasps rely on venom, PDV, VLP, teratocyte in long-term co-evolution with hosts. And other means, on the one hand the regulation of host blood cell proliferation and differentiation, inhibition of cytoplasmic cells, thus undermining the host’s cellular immune system; the other hand, by inhibiting the activation of phenol oxidase host interference humoral immunity to escape the blackening reaction attack. Parasitic wasps also have a corresponding immune defense mechanism during development. In this paper, recent advances in the regulation of host immunity by parasitic wasps using the means of histology in recent years are summarized in the aspects of cellular immunity, bodily fluid blackening reaction and immune signaling pathways. In order to elucidate the molecular mechanism of innate immunity and explore new methods for pest control Provide reference.