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儿童的心理发展主要有两个因素:即生理因素和社会因素。生理因素包括遗传素质、先天素质和生理成熟。社会因素包括生长所处的社会环境。婴儿期的心理发育是以身体发育为物质基础的,不同遗传素质和不同先天素质奠定了婴儿心理发育的先天差异。生理成熟与心理发育有密切的关系,心理发育依赖于生理成熟,许多心理活动必须在生理成熟的基础上才能出现,才能发展。婴儿的大脑、神经系统的发育是心理发育过程的生物基础。但发挥主导作用的还是决定于婴儿生活中社会环境的实践和现实的作用,还与婴儿所接受的教养与教育有关。每个婴儿所处的社会环境中接受的早期经验和早期教养、教育不同,致使心理的发育产生明显差异。因此,出生第一年的心理发育奠定的基础对今后的心理发展
Children’s psychological development has two main factors: the physiological and social factors. Physiological factors include genetic quality, innate quality and physiological maturity. Social factors include the social environment in which they grow. Infancy psychological development is based on the physical development of the body, and different genetic qualities and different innate qualities of the infant mental development laid the inherent differences. Physiological maturity and psychological development are closely related to psychological development depends on the physiological maturity, many psychological activities must be based on physiological maturity in order to develop. Baby’s brain, nervous system development is the biological basis of the process of psychological development. However, it plays a leading role in determining the practical and realistic role of social environment in infant life and in relation to the upbringing and education infants receive. The early experiences and early education and education received in each infant’s social environment lead to significant differences in psychological development. Therefore, the birth of the first year of psychological development laid the foundation for the future development of psychology