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西方心理学界对儿童友谊的研究进展迅速,其中塞尔曼提出的关于儿童友谊的心理模式成为认知发展派在这个领域的典型代表。塞尔曼认为皮亚杰的方法是认识论的哲学,并将之运用于儿童友谊的研究,从结构发展的观点研究友谊概念的个体发生以及儿童对人际关系的认识与理解。如何分析不同年龄被试对主试提出的同一问题的回答,塞尔曼认为必须研究其深层内容而不是口头上所说的表面意思。他用“社会观点采择”作为基本的深层结构来分析和衡量儿童友谊观念的发展,总结出友谊的发展水平(社会观点采择的等级)和与之相对应的阶段特征。
The research of children’s friendship in western psychology is progressing rapidly. Among them, the psychology model put forward by Selman on children’s friendship has become the typical representative of cognitive development group in this field. Selman considers Piaget’s philosophy as an epistemological philosophy, applies it to the study of children’s friendship, and studies the individual occurrence of the concept of friendship and the children’s understanding and understanding of human relationships from the perspective of structural development. How to analyze the responses of subjects of different ages to the same question posed by the main test, Selman thought it necessary to study its deep content rather than its superficial meaning. He analyzed and measured the development of the concept of friendship among children by using “social opinion selection” as the basic deep structure, and summed up the development level of friendship (the level of social opinion selection) and the corresponding stage characteristics.