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采用石蜡切片法、扫描电镜和透射电镜法对柱型和普通型苹果各3个品种的叶片结构和叶绿体超微结构进行比较。结果表明,柱型苹果叶片每一层内的栅栏组织细胞大小不等,细胞排列相对杂乱,各层细胞之间相互交错,层与层之间分界线不明显;而普通型苹果叶片每一层内的栅栏组织细胞大小一致,细胞排列整齐紧密,各层之间分界线明显。柱型苹果的叶片总厚度、栅栏组织厚度和栅海比均显著高于普通型苹果。柱型苹果上表皮细胞表面的褶皱明显多于普通型苹果,表皮细胞隆起的高度较高。两种类型苹果的气孔长度差异不明显,但柱型苹果的气孔密度显著高于普通型,气孔宽度则是显著低于普通型。柱型苹果叶绿体内基粒或基质片层与叶绿体长轴方向不平行,基粒片层排列不规则,片层数相对较少;而普通型苹果叶绿体内的基粒或基质片层与叶绿体长轴方向平行排列,基粒片层排列整齐致密,片层数相对较多。
The leaf structure and chloroplast ultrastructure of three varieties of columnar and common apples were compared by paraffin section, scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope. The results showed that the size of palisade cells in each layer of columnar apple leaves varied in size, the cells arranged in a relatively messy manner, the layers of cells were interlaced with each other, and the dividing line between layers was not obvious. However, Within the palisade tissue cells are the same size, neat and tidy cells, the dividing line between the layers is obvious. The total leaf thickness, palisade tissue thickness and grid-sea ratio of columnar apples were significantly higher than that of common apples. Columnar epidermal cells on the surface of folds were significantly more than the average apple, epidermal cells elevated height higher. There was no significant difference in stomatal length between the two types of apples, but the stomatal density of columnar apples was significantly higher than that of common type, and stomatal width was significantly lower than that of common type. In columnar apple chloroplast, the basal or basal lamina were not parallel to the long axis of chloroplast, and the basal lamina were irregularly arranged with relatively few lamellae. However, the basal granule or basal lamina in chloroplast of common type apple and chloroplast Axial parallel to the arrangement, grained tablets arranged neat and dense, the number of lamellae is relatively large.