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目的分析黄冈市以乡(镇、街道)为单位适龄儿童国家免疫规划疫苗(National Immunization Program vaccines,NIPV)接种率调查结果。方法采用批质量保证抽样(Lot Quality Assurance Sampling,LQAS)结合多阶段系统抽样抽取2~3岁儿童开展入户调查,并以乡为单位NIPV分疫苗/剂次接种率作定性评价。结果黄冈市调查适龄儿童的建预防接种卡、证率均在95%以上,2013年8种疫苗接种率均≥90%的乡比例为13.49%,卡介苗、口服脊灰减毒活疫苗第1~3剂,百白破疫苗第1~2剂,乙肝疫苗第1~2剂≥90%的乡比例≥90%。2014年8种NIPV接种率≥90%的乡比例为94.44%,所有疫苗分剂次接种率≥90%的乡比例≥90%。2013年省级抽查的4个乡镇NIPV接种率均<90%,2014年抽查6个乡镇中有5个乡镇NIPV接种率≥90%。疫苗加强免疫剂次接种率低于基础免疫剂次,新增国家免疫规划疫苗的接种率低于扩大免疫规划前原五苗的接种率。结论通过免疫规划专项整治活动,2014年较2013年NIPV调查接种率有大幅提高。但不同疫苗、不同剂次、不同地区之间存在较大差异,预防接种服务存在薄弱地区和薄弱环节,距离以乡为单位适龄儿童接种率≥90%的目标仍有差距。应进一步加强预防接种服务,全面提高以乡为单位NIPV接种率水平。
Objective To analyze the survey results of the national immunization program vaccines (NIPV) vaccination rate of school-age children in towns (towns and streets) in Huanggang city. Methods A sample of 2 to 3 years old children were sampled by Lot Quality Assurance Sampling (LQAS) combined with multistage system to carry out household surveys. Qualitative evaluation was made on the rate of sub-vaccination / sub-vaccination with NIPV in township level. Results The survey confirmed that the vaccination cards and certificates of 95% of the school-age children in Huanggang city were over 95%. In 2013, the vaccination rate of all 8 kinds of vaccines was 13.49%, and the proportion of BCG vaccine, live attenuated oral poliomyelitis vaccine 1 ~ 3 agents, diphtheria vaccine 1 to 2 agents, hepatitis B vaccine 1 ~ 2 agents ≥ 90% of the proportion of townships ≥ 90%. In 2014, the proportion of 8 villages with NIPV vaccination rates ≥90% was 94.44%, and the proportion of township vaccines with ≥90% vaccination rates ≥90%. In 2013, the NIPV inoculation rate was lower than 90% in 4 townships sampled in the provincial level. In 2014, the NIPV inoculation rates in 5 townships among 6 townships were ≥90%. Vaccination rate of immunization was lower than the number of immunizations, and the vaccination rate of the new national immunization vaccine was lower than that of the immunization program. Conclusion Through the immunization program special rectification activities, the coverage rate of NIPV in 2014 was significantly increased in 2014. However, there are big differences among different vaccines, different doses and different regions, there are weak areas and weak links in vaccination services, and there is still a gap between the target of ≥90% coverage of school-age children in township level. Vaccination services should be further strengthened to raise the level of NIPV vaccination rate in rural areas.