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目的研究前臂骨间背侧神经及其肌支的解剖学特征,为体表定位提供形态学基础。方法解剖30具成人防腐尸体的60侧上肢骨间背侧神经及其肌支,观察骨间背侧神经的行程与神经分叉点,测量分叉点分别至肱骨外上髁(LHE)、桡骨Lister结节(LTR)、尺骨茎突(SPU)的距离等参数,通过三圆交汇法及神经分段法来确定神经的体表位置。结果骨间背侧神经在发出指伸肌支、小指伸肌支及尺侧腕伸肌支后,主干有4个主要分叉点(O、O1、O2、O3);以分叉点分别至LHE、LTR、SPU的平均距离为半径,LHE、LTR、SPU为圆心,绘制3个圆,三圆交汇的点或区域可作为神经的体表定位;4个分叉点又可将骨间背侧神经分为7段(O点上段、OO1段、O1点下段、OO2段、O2点下段、O2O3段、O3点下段)。结论骨间背侧神经分叉点结合三圆交汇定位及神经分段法,根据神经损伤的临床表现,可明确神经损伤的位置。
Objective To study the anatomic features of the dorsal interosseous nerve and its muscular branches and provide morphological basis for body surface localization. Methods Twenty anterior dorsal interosseous nerves and their muscular branches of 30 adult anticorrosive corpses were dissected. The course of the interosseous dorsal nerve and the bifurcation of the nerve were observed. The bifurcation points were measured respectively to the LHE, Lister’s nodule (LTR), ulnar styloid process (SPU) distance and other parameters, through the three-round intersection method and nerve segment method to determine the nerve surface location. Results There were 4 main bifurcation points (O, O1, O2, O3) in the main trunk after the dorsal ramus of the interosseous dorsal nerve was sent out. The bifurcation points were LHE, LTR, SPU average distance for the radius, LHE, LTR, SPU as the center of the circle, drawing 3 circles, the intersection of the three points or regions can be used as nerve surface positioning; 4 bifurcation points and interosseous back The lateral nerves are divided into 7 segments (upper O, OO1, lower O1, OO2, lower O2, O2O3, lower O3). Conclusion The interosseous dorsal nerve bifurcation point combined with three-circle intersection location and nerve segmentation method can determine the location of nerve injury according to the clinical manifestations of nerve injury.