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目的为促进农民工职业病防治措施的落实提供科学依据,切实保障广大农民工的健康权益。方法在聊城市市直及某县市企业68家用人单位中进行职业卫生调查、问卷、检测,对部分农民工进行职业健康检查。结果 3 800名农民工主要分布于建筑施工、铸造、电气焊维修、房屋装修、纺织、化工等行业。主要职业病危害因素有粉尘、噪声、锰及其化合物、苯系及有机溶剂等。2 220名农民工的健康检查结果显示粉尘作业者以呼吸系统损害为主,噪声作业者的听力异常、心电图异常及高血压检出率,经χ2检验均明显高于对照组。发现与各类职业相关的异常及职业禁忌证者57人,疑似尘肺病5人,确诊尘肺病人2例。结论农民工的作业环境差多处于工作环境最危险、工作条件最恶劣、劳动强度最大、职业病危害最严重的岗位。防护设施、个人防护严重不足。用人单位、各级政府及有关部门应尽快落实农民工职业病防治的各项政策。
Objective To provide a scientific basis for the implementation of measures for prevention and control of occupational diseases for migrant workers and earnestly safeguard the health rights and interests of migrant workers. Methods Occupational health surveys, questionnaires and tests were conducted in 68 employers in Liaocheng City and directly in a county and city. Occupational health examinations were conducted on some migrant workers. Results 3 800 migrant workers are mainly distributed in construction, foundry, electrical welding repair, house decoration, textile and chemical industries. The main occupational hazards are dust, noise, manganese and its compounds, benzene and organic solvents. 2 220 migrant workers health examination results show that dust-based operators to respiratory system damage, noise operator hearing abnormalities, ECG abnormalities and high blood pressure detection rate by χ2 test were significantly higher than the control group. Found 57 kinds of abnormal and occupational contraindications related to various occupations, 5 suspected pneumoconiosis patients and 2 confirmed pneumoconiosis patients. Conclusion The working environment of migrant workers is mostly in positions with the most dangerous working conditions, the worst working conditions, the highest labor intensity and the most serious occupational hazards. Protection facilities, a serious lack of personal protection. The employing units, all levels of government and relevant departments should promptly implement the policies on prevention and control of occupational diseases among migrant workers.