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一、引言现有的供热与采暖系统除少数用热水锅炉直接供热水外,多数仍是用蒸汽锅炉供热。用蒸汽供热时,除生产工艺要求直接用蒸汽外,大部分是用蒸汽(包括乏汽)加热冷液,使液体(水)达到一定的温度后,进行供热与采暖。用蒸汽加热冷液的方式中,一种是汽液直接接触蒸汽经管道直接进入冷液加热,结构虽简单,但噪声高(通常在100dB 左右)、振动大,且有蒸汽外溢和加热不均匀等问题;另一种是将蒸汽通过置于冷液中的盘管(或管排)对冷液进行间接加热。虽噪声低、振动小,但其热效率很低,通常只有直接加热的60～70%,因此,能量浪费多,且结构工艺较复杂,成本高,
I. INTRODUCTION Existing heating and heating systems are mostly heated by steam boilers except for a few hot water boilers that directly supply hot water. When using steam heating, most of the steam heating (including the lack of steam) is used to heat the cold liquid, except that the production process requires direct steam. After the liquid (water) reaches a certain temperature, heating and heating are performed. In the method of heating the cold liquid with steam, one is that steam is directly contacted with steam and directly enters the cold liquid via a pipe to be heated. Although the structure is simple, the noise is high (usually about 100 dB), the vibration is large, and there is steam overflow and uneven heating. The other problem is that the steam is indirectly heated by the coil (or tube row) placed in the cold liquid. Although the noise is low and the vibration is small, the thermal efficiency is very low. Usually, only 60 to 70% of the direct heating is used. Therefore, energy is wasted, and the structural process is complicated and the cost is high.