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利用地震波场研究地球内部壳、幔结构的方法主要包括天然地震波场中的远地震观测法、近地震观测法和人工源地震深部探测法.其中,由于人工源地震探测的震源位于浅表层介质中,且其震源位置、爆炸时间、接收条件等均为精确已知,因此其所得结果的精度最高、且最为准确.人工源深部地震探测分为深部地震宽角反射和折射剖面探测及深部近垂直反射波法探测.前者可求得壳、幔介质的分层结构和速度分布,后者可较详细了解地壳构造形态的细节.两种方法具有不同的特点、但却相辅相成.当今,将深地震宽角反射/折射和深反射法联合观测以取得较详细的速度结构和构造展布特征将必成地球内部研究的必然轨迹.
The methods of using the seismic wave field to study the Earth’s interior crust and mantle structure mainly include the far earthquake observation, the near-earth observation and the deep exploration of the artificial source in the natural seismic wave field, in which the source of the artificial source seismic exploration is located in the superficial medium , And its source location, explosion time and receiving conditions are known accurately, so the accuracy of the results obtained is the highest and most accurate.The deep seismic exploration of artificial sources is divided into deep seismic reflection and refraction profile detection and deep near vertical Reflection wave method.The former can obtain the layered structure and velocity distribution of the crust and mantle medium, the latter can understand the details of the crustal structure morphology in detail.The two methods have different characteristics, but complement each other.Nowadays, the deep earthquakes Wide-angle reflection / refraction and deep reflection combined observations to obtain a more detailed velocity structure and tectonic distribution characteristics will be the inevitable trajectory of the Earth’s internal research.