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绿色化学是化学发展的必然趋势。有效利用绿色溶剂是绿色化学的重要内容。CO2和H2O混合体系是具有很多特点的绿色反应介质,可以用于不同化学反应,特别是弱酸催化的反应,从而替代传统的有机酸和无机酸。本文讨论了CO2/H2O体系的酸性随温度和压力的变化,综述了在CO2/H2O混合绿色介质中有机化学反应研究进展,这些反应包括脱水反应、烷基化反应、香茅醛环化反应、重氮化反应、多元醇转化成环醚的反应、溴氧化反应、芳硝基化合物选择性还原、多糖水解反应、生物质转化反应、环氧丙烷水解反应、脱羧反应、醇氧化反应、对映选择氧化反应以及酮不对称还原;最后对CO2/H2O体系在化学反应中应用的发展趋势进行了探讨。
Green chemistry is the inevitable trend of chemical development. The effective use of green solvents is an important part of green chemistry. The mixed system of CO2 and H2O is a green reaction medium with many characteristics, which can be used for different chemical reactions, especially for the reaction catalyzed by weak acids, thus replacing the traditional organic acids and inorganic acids. In this paper, the changes of acidity of CO2 / H2O system with temperature and pressure are reviewed. The progress of organic chemical reactions in CO2 / H2O mixed green media is reviewed. These reactions include dehydration, alkylation, citronellal cyclization, Conversion of polyols to cyclic ethers, bromination, selective reduction of aryl nitro compounds, hydrolysis of polysaccharides, biomass conversion, hydrolysis of propylene oxide, decarboxylation, alcohol oxidation, enantioselective oxidation Reaction and asymmetric reduction of ketone. Finally, the development trend of CO2 / H2O system in chemical reaction was discussed.