噪声性耳聋早期警戒指标的探讨

• 作 者: 毛玉明 周梅 蒋康
• 机 构: 昆明医学院劳动卫生教研室!昆明650031,昆明医学院劳动卫生教研室!昆明650031,云南省卫生防疫站!昆明650011
• 出 处: 昆明医学院学报
• 发表日期: 1999年03期
• 关键词: 噪声性耳聋 噪声暴露 高频听损率 语频 劳动卫生学调查 听力损失 警戒指标 听力曲线 噪声作业 稳态噪声

通过对某纺织厂进行劳动卫生学调查， 对该厂１８８ 名噪声作业工人和与其年龄性别构成相近的某百货公司４２ 名售货员进行健康受损检查． 结果发现， 耳鸣、头痛、头晕、乏力、记忆力减退、心悸、肢麻等自觉症状出现率噪声组明显高于对照组， 有显著性差异； 高频听损率、语频听损率都是噪声组高于对照组（ Ｐ＜００１） ； 噪声组噪声暴露工龄与听损率呈正相关（ｒｓ ＝ ０９００ ， Ｐ＝ ００５） ； 同时听力曲线提示噪声组高频听损主要呈Ｖ型或Ｕ型下降， 凹陷主要集中在４ ～６ ＫＨｚ． 语频听阈均值和高频听阈均值的相关回归分析结果呈正相关（ｒ＝ ０４４３ ５， Ｐ＜０００１） ， 由两者的回归方程得出， 当高频听损均值达３５ ｄＢ及以上者可作为噪声性耳聋的早期警戒指标．

A labor hygiene survey was conducted on a textile mill to examine the health damage of 188 noise workers and 42 salespeople in a department store of similar age and sex. The results showed that tinnitus, headache, dizziness, fatigue, memory loss, palpitations, limbs and other symptoms were significantly higher than the noise group noise group was significantly different; high-frequency hearing loss rate, speech loss rate are noise (P <001). There was a positive correlation between length of noise exposure and hearing loss in the noise group (rs = 0900, P = 005). At the same time, the auditory curve showed that the hearing loss of the noise group was mainly V-type or U-type decline, mainly in the depression 4 ~ 6 KHz. The results of regression analysis showed that there was a positive correlation (r = 0443 5, P <0001) between the average hearing threshold and the high frequency hearing threshold, These can be used as early warning indicators of noise-induced deafness.