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一、前言液压挖掘机所用燃料的能量,2/3消耗于柴油机发热和噪声,其余部分主要损失在液压系统中。通过分析和大量实测数据证明,液压系统的中位环流损失(卸荷损失)是液压系统中最主要的能量损失。所以,这个问题长期以来都为有关专家所注重。解决这一问题的基本途径有两条:其一是尽量减小卸荷通道的压力损失,这可通过液压系统和其组成元件的优化设计来解决;其二是减小液压系统的空载环流流量,即设计一个自动控制系统以便最大幅度地降低液压系统卸荷时的环流流量,也就是说在挖掘机处于待机状态时,使柴油机转速自动降低至最小稳定转速——怠速运转,从而使油泵以最小稳定流量输出,以此来达到节能目的。理论和实践都证明,空载时,怠速运转的油耗只有高速运转的50%左右。本文从减小液压系统的空载环流流量出发,提出液压挖掘机柴油机空载怠速自动控制节能新方案,介绍其工作原理并分析其节能效果。
I. INTRODUCTION The energy of the fuel used by a hydraulic excavator is dissipated by two-thirds of the diesel engine’s heat and noise. The rest of the fuel is mainly lost in the hydraulic system. Through the analysis and large amount of measured data, it is proved that the loss of the mid-circulation loss (unloading loss) of the hydraulic system is the most important energy loss in the hydraulic system. Therefore, this issue has long been emphasized by relevant experts. There are two basic ways to solve this problem: one is to minimize the pressure loss of the unloading channel, which can be solved through the optimization design of the hydraulic system and its components; the other is to reduce the no-load circulation of the hydraulic system Flow, that is, designing an automatic control system to minimize the circulation flow when the hydraulic system is unloaded, that is to say, the diesel engine speed is automatically reduced to a minimum when the excavator is in the standby state, at a steady speed - idling, so that the oil pump With the minimum steady flow output, in order to achieve energy-saving purposes. Both theory and practice prove that when idling, the fuel consumption of idle running is only about 50% of the high-speed running. Based on the reduction of no-load circulation flow of hydraulic system, this paper proposed a new energy-saving scheme for automatic control of hydraulic excavator idle no-load, introduced its working principle and analyzed its energy-saving effect.