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概况伪膜性肠炎最早由 Finney 作为一种胃肠吻合手术后的并发症报告于1893年。以后相继报告本病继发于小肠梗阻、缺血性心血管病、尿毒症及金属中毒等。特点是各种原因引起的肠缺血为基础;病变以小肠为主,可发生于消化道的任何部位;发病率不高,病程凶险,死亡率高。30余年来抗生素的广泛应用成为伪膜性肠炎的主要致病诱因。50年代对此进行了广泛的研究,发现病变累及小肠及结肠,故名为抗生素诱发的伪膜性小肠结肠炎。认为四环素与氯霉素是主要诱发因素,病原菌是金黄色葡萄球菌。
Overview Pseudomembranous colitis was first reported by Finney in 1893 as a complication of gastrointestinal anastomosis. Later have reported this disease secondary to intestinal obstruction, ischemic cardiovascular disease, uremia and metal poisoning. Characterized by various causes of intestinal ischemia-based; lesion to the small intestine, can occur in any part of the digestive tract; the incidence is not high, dangerous course, high mortality. More than 30 years of widespread use of antibiotics as the main cause of pseudomembranous enteritis. In the 1950s, extensive research was conducted on the lesions and found that the lesion involved the small intestine and colon, so it was named as antibiotic-induced pseudomembranous enterocolitis. It is believed that tetracycline and chloramphenicol are the main inducing factors, and the pathogen is Staphylococcus aureus.