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目的:了解和分析新疆农村维吾尔族聚居地支气管哮喘患者的诊治状况。方法:对吐鲁番艾丁湖乡4840名居民流行病学调查检出的68例哮喘患者进行2次问卷调查,内容包括病史、体格检查、治疗情况和疾病认知度等。调查结果与西南地区、京沪地区、亚太地区的研究资料进行比较。结果:该地区哮喘漏诊率为70.6%;治疗哮喘使用皮质激素吸入者为10.3%,β2-受体激动剂吸入者16.2%;哮喘发作过程中,97.1%患者应用过抗生素,89.7%患者首选抗生素治疗;在哮喘的认知程度,中度持续患者比例、应用肺功能检查及患者误工等方面与上述资料比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:新疆部分农村少数民族地区对哮喘认识不足,忽略肺功能检查;诊疗方法及抗生素使用不规范;缺乏对哮喘患者的教育和管理;与其他地区比较差距较大。
Objective: To understand and analyze the diagnosis and treatment of bronchial asthma in Xinjiang Uighur settlements. Methods: Sixty-eight asthmatic patients were detected by epidemiological survey of 4840 inhabitants in Aidinhu Township, Turpan. Two questionnaires were collected, including history, physical examination, treatment and disease awareness. The survey results are compared with the research data in Southwest China, Beijing-Shanghai region and Asia-Pacific region. Results: The rate of misdiagnosis of asthma in this area was 70.6%. 10.3% of asthmatic patients received inhaled corticosteroid and 16.2% of patients inhaled β2-agonist. In the course of asthma attack, 97.1% had antibiotics and 89.7% preferred antibiotics The difference was statistically significant (P <0.05) in the aspects of the degree of cognition of asthma, the proportion of moderate persistent patients, the application of pulmonary function tests and the patients’ lost of work. Conclusion: Some ethnic minority areas in Xinjiang do not know enough about asthma, neglect pulmonary function tests, non-standard methods of diagnosis and treatment and use of antibiotics, lack of education and management of patients with asthma, and have a big gap with other regions.