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当代对持续发展的关注在经济学方面有其深刻的根源。特别是自从工业革命以来,事实已经再三告戒人们,如果经济和人口持续增长人类将会用尽基本的自然资源。有时人们意识到由于膨胀的人口会耗尽世界食品,因而存在着发生全球性饥饿的危险。个别国家有时候会面临耗尽它们经济所必需依赖的某些自然资源的危机,如英国的煤、加拿大的木材和美国的石油。土地和资源的自然极限将制约人口总数和人类的生产能力,这一思想已被人们广泛接受。
The contemporary concern about sustainable development has its profound roots in economics. Especially since the Industrial Revolution, the truth has been repeatedly told to the people that if the economy and population continue to grow, mankind will run out of basic natural resources. People are sometimes aware that there is a danger of global hunger because the expanding population will run out of food worldwide. Individual countries sometimes face the crisis of depleting certain natural resources that their economy depends on, such as coal in the United Kingdom, timber in Canada and oil in the United States. The idea that the natural limits of land and resources will constrain the total population and the productive capacity of mankind has been widely accepted.