地下开采厚层矿体时的岩层移动

• 作 者: Ю.А.卡西尼柯夫 于万波
• 出 处: 矿山测量
• 发表日期: 1989年02期
• 关键词: 岩层移动 矿体 岩层 移动带 地下开采 弹性变形 衰退阶段 裂缝带 充分采动 发展阶段

众所周知,在冒落法开采厚层矿体时,岩层和地表的变形通常存在有下列几带:冒落和裂缝带、危险变形带以及没有危险的平缓移动带。在平缓移动带内岩层呈弹性变形。在充分采动条件下,随着回采工作面的推进,岩层和地表的移动可以划分为开始阶段、发展阶段和衰退阶段。如果在发展阶段和衰退阶段观测到岩层的移动和破坏逐渐地停息和被压实,那么开始阶段的特点则是弹性变形和往往成其为主干裂缝的扩展。可以认为水平移动大的发展是用裂缝的出现和不断扩展所说明的主要特点,而在主干裂缝产生时,岩层在裂缝扩展的情况下发生,向未受扰动岩层方向移动。此时、在裂缝之外的岩层

It is well-known that in the mining of thick ore body by caving method, there are usually the following bands in deformation of rock and surface: caving and cracking zone, dangerous deformation zone and non-dangerous flat moving zone. Rock formation in the gentle movement of elastic deformation. Under the condition of full mining, with the advancement of mining face, the movement of rock strata and surface can be divided into the beginning stage, the development stage and the recession stage. If the movement and destruction of the formation are observed to gradually cease and be compacted during the development and decline phases, the initial stage is characterized by elastic deformation and often as an extension of its main crack. It can be considered that the great development of horizontal movement is the main feature described by the emergence and expansion of cracks. When the main cracks are generated, the rock layers occur in the case of crack propagation and move toward the undisturbed rock formation. At this point, rock formation outside the crack