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贸易价格条件是反映国际贸易利益分配的重要指标之一,本文结合日本工业化各个阶段的经济发展状况、产业结构和产业政策分析了1960年以来日本对外贸易价格条件的变动情况。日本对外贸易价格条件大致经历了3个阶段:第一、二个阶段都呈现总体上升,先抑后扬的趋势,而第三个阶段呈现震动下降的趋势。一国对外贸易价格条件与本国所处的经济发展阶段和经济发展环境密切相关,贸易价格条件反映了一国进行国际贸易时所处地位和贸易商品的比较优势。为了维持相对较优的贸易价格条件,需要优化产业结构,促进主导产业升级;加大科技研发,提高商品附加值;开发新型能源,保障国内产业安全和发挥资本作用、提高国际市场话语权等。
The condition of trade price is one of the important indexes reflecting the benefit distribution of international trade. Based on the economic development, industrial structure and industrial policies in all stages of Japan’s industrialization, this paper analyzes the changes in the price conditions of Japan’s foreign trade since 1960. Japan’s foreign trade price conditions have gone through roughly three stages: the first and second phases all show an upward trend, a downward trend and a downward trend in the third phase. The price conditions of a country’s foreign trade are closely related to the stage of economic development and the environment for economic development in which the country is located. The conditions of trade prices reflect the comparative advantages of a country’s position in trade and the comparative advantages of trade in goods when it conducts international trade. In order to maintain the relatively favorable conditions of trade prices, it is necessary to optimize the industrial structure and promote the upgrading of leading industries; increase R & D of science and technology, increase the added value of commodities; develop new types of energy, safeguard domestic industries and capital, and enhance the right of speech in international markets.