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费尔巴哈,作为马克思以前最杰出的唯物主义者,一生在德国宣扬唯物主义和无神论。他在康德、黑格尔为代表的唯心主义盛行的背景下,经过对前人特别是黑格尔的学习和批判,形成了自己的人本主义色彩的唯物主义。使唯心主义统治的德国哲学界恢复了唯物主义的权威。在西方特别是德国哲学史上具有重大的影响。虽然费氏的人本唯物主义与之前的唯物主义相比具有鲜明的特性和优越性:承认人的自然属性的同时说明了人在自然中的第一性地位。但是由于费氏的时代背景、生活环境、批判途径等原因,导致费氏哲学本身也存在着不可掩饰的缺陷:他无法把握实践这一人的根本存在方式,在对人的本质的认识上是抽象的,在人类社会历史的认识上也难免走向了唯心主义。马克思通过对费氏人本学的再思考和批判,最终实现了历史性的跨越,形成了自己的以实践论为核心的历史唯物主义。但是批判也是一种继承。费氏的人本学对马克思的唯物史观的形成具有巨大的影响,是马克思唯物史观重要的理论来源。在哲学史上具有重大的历史意义。
Feuerbach, the most prominent Marxist materialist in his life, advocated materialism and atheism in Germany. Under the background of the idealism represented by Kant and Hegel, through the study and criticism of his predecessors, especially Hegel, he formed his own humanist materialism. The idealist rule of German philosophy restored the authority of materialism. In the western especially German history of philosophy has a significant impact. Although Fei’s humanistic materialism has distinct characteristics and superiority compared with the previous materialism: Recognizing the natural attributes of mankind also illustrates the primacy of man in nature. However, due to Fei’s time background, living environment, critical approach and other reasons, Fei’s philosophy also has its own undeniable defects: he can not grasp the basic way of human existence, and is abstract in his understanding of human essence In the understanding of human social history, it is unavoidable to go toward idealism. Through rethinking and criticizing Fei’s human-centered learning, Marx finally realized the historical leap and formed his own historical materialism centered on the theory of practice. But criticism is also a kind of inheritance. Fei’s humanism has a huge impact on the formation of Marx’s historical materialism and is an important theoretical source of Marx’s historical materialism. In the history of philosophy has great historical significance.